Files
ww/cmd/w6c/cgen.c
Hojun-Cho d84704e389 cgen+test: copy struct >8B local-ident rhs in N_LET (#32)
let p2: T = p1; where T is a struct >8B and rhs is a local ident
silently dropped most of the copy. Cstage's N_LET fell past every
specialized rhs branch (str/tuple/tagged/structlit/call) without
matching the bare-ident case, then past the sz==8 fallback (false)
to the no-rhs zero-init (false: rhs present), emitting zero
instructions — the dest slot read fresh-stack zeros. Wwstage's
cglet fell to cgexpr+MOVQ AX which loads only the first qword
(cgident shape for struct ident), and for sz==16 slots the
str-init tail then stored a stale BX into +8. Reads after the
let saw whatever the stack held: silent partial copy.

Both stages now byte-copy src slot → dst slot per qword with
a sized tail (MOVL/MOVB) for natural sizes not 8-aligned.
Mirrors cg_widen_tagged_store's struct-ident payload copy.

744_letcopy_struct pins the four struct shapes (3×i32, i32+str,
i32+[]u8, i32+tagged) on asm-presence in both stages, cmp -s
byte-id, and runtime exit code via both drivers.

Scope: only N_IDENT rhs at the local-ident-found path. Filed as
siblings (no in-tree consumer today, bootstrap byte-id proves it):
  - N_DOT / N_INDEX / N_UN(deref) struct rhs.
  - Top-level (non-local) struct ident rhs.
  - TY_TUPLE same-shape ident-copy bug.

Row (a) uses tri{a=11, b=22, c=33} structlit init for p1 to
isolate this fix from STATUS-3 #15/#26c (no-rhs zero-init sz=12
vs sz=16 slot-padded divergence between stages, separate task).
Row (d) runtime check uses only p2.a to isolate from match-on-
tagged-field scrutinee spill divergence (same task).

118/118 ok. ww2 == ww3 == ww4 byte-id holds.
2026-05-18 23:01:09 +09:00

7790 lines
262 KiB
C

/*
* cgen.c — typed AST → Prog list, expressed as Plan 9-flavoured
* amd64 assembly text. This is the simplest thing that works:
*
* - Every function gets a stack frame sized for spilled locals + a
* 16-byte alignment pad.
* - Expressions are evaluated stack-machine style: result in AX,
* intermediate stuff pushed on the hardware stack via PUSHQ AX.
* - The first six integer args go in DI, SI, DX, CX, R8, R9
* (SysV amd64 ABI). We don't yet handle struct-by-value or
* floats; floats and slices are deferred.
*
* Calling our own functions: emit CALL <name>(SB), let w6a/w6l resolve.
* Calling C externs: same — extern symbols are just unresolved CALLs.
*/
#include "gc.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static const int sysv_argregs[] = { D_DI, D_SI, D_DX, D_CX, D_R8, D_R9 };
static const int sysv_fargregs[] = { D_X0, D_X1, D_X2, D_X3, D_X4, D_X5, D_X6, D_X7 };
/* per-fn cursor, reset before each cgfn: counts how many 8-byte
* stack-arg slots above BP have been claimed. */
int cg_stack_arg_cursor;
/* return type of the current function, set by cgfn before walking
* the body. Drives tagged-union return construction and the `?` /
* `!` propagation paths. */
static Type *cg_ret_type;
/* Pointer to the current function's frame size accumulator. cgexpr
* needs this to allocate scratch slots (e.g. match bindings) without
* threading it through every signature. */
static int *cg_frame;
/* Per-fn @retscr offset (single-slot SSoT, task #14). Returns are
* terminal: at most one return path fires per call, so all retscr
* uses share one slot. Mirrors wwstage's `@retscr` convention
* (cgen.ww localadd '@'-prefix dedup; #38 ratified single-slot
* semantics for synthetic scratches). 0 means "not yet allocated";
* negative offsets returned by local_alloc are the live value. */
static int cg_retscr;
/* Per-fn @-prefix scratch SSoT (task #26, follow-up to #15-cstage's
* @retscr). Pre-#26 each site allocated a labelseq-stamped fresh slot
* per call (mklabel "tagbase" / "tagscr" / "argscr" / "idxscr"); the
* labelseq bumps drifted cstage's ct/ce/end labels ahead of wwstage,
* and the per-call frame growth drifted cstage's framesize ahead too.
*
* Two cached slots match wwstage's `@`-prefix namespace exactly:
* cg_tagbase — 8B base-register spill for cg_widen_tagged_store
* via_outer (mirrors wwstage @tagbase, 1 site).
* cg_tagscr — sized scratch shared across THREE sites: cg_widen_
* tagged_store via_outer write target, cg_widen_tagged_
* push struct/tagged-source widen, N_INDEX tagged-element
* assign. Mirrors wwstage @tagscr (cgenutil.ww:180 +
* :2918, cgenexpr.ww:3524). Wwstage shares the slot via
* localadd `@`-prefix dedup, sized to `c.tagscrsz`
* (per-fn max computed by scanlocals pre-pass).
*
* Cstage has no pre-pass: first call across the 3 sites sizes the
* slot; subsequent calls (any of the 3 sites) reuse if sz ≤ cached,
* fatal() if larger. Per rule 7: surface, don't silently corrupt the
* frame. The size-strategy convergence (wwstage DOWN to first-use+
* fail-loud on BOTH stages, or cstage UP to a scanlocals pre-pass) is
* filed as #26c — separate concern. _sz tracks cached allocation size. */
static int cg_tagbase;
static int cg_tagbase_sz;
static int cg_tagscr;
static int cg_tagscr_sz;
/* System V AMD64 sret discipline (task #23). Plain TY_STRUCT returns
* with size > 24B are passed via a hidden first-arg pointer (RDI) to
* a caller-prealloc dest; the callee writes through that pointer and
* returns it in RAX. Tagged returns (slot ≤ 32B in AX/DX/CX/R8) and
* tuples (16/24B in AX/DX/CX) keep their existing register-return ABI.
*
* cg_sret_arg_off — callee-side @sretarg slot (8B, holds saved RDI).
* Set in cgfn prologue when ret > 24B plain struct.
* cg_sret_dest_off — caller-side dest offset, propagated from a receive
* site (N_LET / N_ASSIGN ident) to the nested N_CALL
* so the call emits `LEAQ off(BP), RDI` instead of
* allocating a scratch. 0 means no receiver wired.
* cg_sretscr_off — per-fn @sretscr discard slot for sret CALLs whose
* result is dropped (no named receiver). Single-slot
* SSoT mirroring cg_retscr. Sized to the largest
* discarded sret return type in the fn.
* cg_sret_forward — set by cgreturn `return f();` from an sret callee
* to signal cgcall: source RDI for inner from outer's
* saved @sretarg (MOVQ) instead of LEAQ'ing a local
* dest. Inner writes into outer's caller-prealloc;
* inner's RAX (the dest pointer) is already outer's
* return value. No temporary in outer's frame. */
static int cg_sret_arg_off;
static int cg_sret_dest_off;
static int cg_sretscr_off;
static int cg_sretscr_sz;
static int cg_sret_forward;
/* Per-fn defer stack: pushed in registration order, popped (emitted)
* in reverse at each return. */
#define DEFER_MAX 32
static Node *defers[DEFER_MAX];
static int ndefers;
/* Loop stack: each `for` records the labels its `break`/`continue`
* target. The continue label is where the iterator step + cond test
* happens; the end label sits past the loop. */
#define LOOP_MAX 16
static const char *loop_cont[LOOP_MAX];
static const char *loop_brk[LOOP_MAX];
static int nloops;
/* Yield-target stack. Each entry is the end label of an enclosing
* match-as-expression; `yield expr;` evaluates expr (AX) and JMPs
* to the topmost entry. */
#define YIELD_MAX 16
static const char *yield_target[YIELD_MAX];
static int nyields;
static int
cg_isfloat(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL) return 0;
return t->kind == TY_F32 || t->kind == TY_F64
|| t->kind == TY_UNTYPED_FLOAT;
}
/* cg_sret_retsize — if `rt` is a plain TY_STRUCT > 24B, return its
* natural size (the sret threshold); else 0. Tagged unions, tuples,
* str, and slices route through their existing register-return ABIs
* regardless of size. Task #23. */
static int
cg_sret_retsize(Type *rt)
{
if (rt == NULL) return 0;
if (rt->kind == TY_NAMED) rt = rt->under;
if (rt == NULL || rt->kind != TY_STRUCT) return 0;
if ((int)rt->size <= 24) return 0;
return (int)rt->size;
}
static int
node_isfloat(Node *n)
{
return n && cg_isfloat(n->type);
}
static int
type_isstr(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL) return 0;
return t->kind == TY_STR || t->kind == TY_UNTYPED_STR;
}
static int
node_isstr(Node *n)
{
return n && type_isstr(n->type);
}
static int
type_isslice(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
return t && t->kind == TY_SLICE;
}
static int
node_isslice(Node *n)
{
return n && type_isslice(n->type);
}
static int
type_isf32(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
return t && t->kind == TY_F32;
}
static int
node_isf32(Node *n)
{
return n && type_isf32(n->type);
}
/* fld_isfloat — true iff f's underlying type is f32, f64, or
* untyped_float. The cgen passes float values in X0 (via MOVSD/MOVSS),
* integer/ptr values in AX (via MOVQ). Without this check, a field
* store/load on an f64 slot runs through AX and the bits never reach
* the SSE side — see the vfloat / L.curfval traps documented in
* examples/lisp/CLAUDE.md.
*
* TY_UNTYPED_FLOAT defaults to f64 (no TY_UNTYPED_F32 exists). Every
* field/element/pointee caller passes a declared type that is never
* UNTYPED — adding the case is a no-op for them. The variant-widen
* call site (cg_widen_tagged_store) is the only one passing an
* expression type, where `let _: (i64|f64) = -2.5;` arrives with
* src->type = ty_untyped_float (cunop returns the operand type for
* TK_MINUS, untyped_float for an untyped float literal). The earlier
* narrow predicate dropped the payload via the AX scalar fallback —
* matches cg_isfloat's acceptance set now.
*
* Sets *isf32 to 1 for f32, 0 for f64 / untyped_float. */
static int
fld_isfloat(Type *t, int *isf32)
{
if (isf32) *isf32 = 0;
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_F64) return 1;
if (t->kind == TY_UNTYPED_FLOAT) return 1;
if (t->kind == TY_F32) { if (isf32) *isf32 = 1; return 1; }
return 0;
}
/* fld_issigned — true iff a sub-word field/element load needs sign
* extension (i8 → MOVSBQ, i16 → MOVSWQ, i32 → MOVSXD). Follows NAMED
* and ENUM aliases via type_isunsigned, then peels off the unsigned
* cases (u*, bool, rune) so what remains is the genuinely-signed
* narrow integers. The literal-kind ladder this replaces missed
* TY_ENUM aliases entirely (`type myflag = i8` silently emitted
* MOVZBQ on a field load). */
static int
fld_issigned(Type *t)
{
Type *u = (t && t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
if (u == NULL) return 0;
if (u->kind == TY_BOOL) return 0;
if (type_isunsigned(u)) return 0;
return type_isint(u);
}
static int
fldloadop(Type *t, int sz)
{
int sigd = fld_issigned(t);
if (sz == 1) return sigd ? A_MOVSBQ : A_MOVZBQ;
if (sz == 2) return sigd ? A_MOVSWQ : A_MOVZWQ;
if (sz == 4) return sigd ? A_MOVSXD : A_MOVL;
return A_MOVQ;
}
static int
fldstoreop(Type *t, int sz)
{
(void)t;
if (sz == 1) return A_MOVB;
if (sz == 2) return A_MOVW;
if (sz == 4) return A_MOVL;
return A_MOVQ;
}
/* castsrcprim — structural (size, unsigned) of an N_CAST's source
* expression, mirroring wwstage's exprprimresolved in
* selfhost/cmd/wcc/cgenutil.ww. The cgen-stage match has to be
* structural, not "use n->type": cstage's checker decorates every
* node with a precise Type, but wwstage has no checker and must
* derive the source type from the AST shape. To keep cstage and
* wwstage emitting byte-identical asm under the #33 identity-width
* identity-sign clamp-skip, both must agree on what a "knowable
* source type" is. The shape menu:
* N_INTLIT — typed literal (`7u32`) via tsuffix.
* N_IDENT, N_CAST — type set by checker; trust it. Wwstage
* reaches the same answer via localfindnode +
* typenodeprimresolved (alias / enum walk)
* and via the cast's rhs type-node.
* N_UN — recurse on operand.
* N_DOT real field — base resolves to TY_STRUCT (or ptr-to);
* use the field's checker-set type. Pseudo-
* fields .len/.cap/.ptr are excluded — they
* are i32 / *T but wwstage's exprprimresolved
* doesn't recognise them, and asymmetry there
* breaks 995_self_rebuild. Tuple positional
* access likewise excluded.
* default — sz=0, identity check fails, clamp emits.
* Matches wwstage's conservative fallback. */
static void
castsrcprim(Node *n, int *sz, int *unsignd)
{
*sz = 0;
*unsignd = 0;
if (n == NULL) return;
Type *t = NULL;
switch (n->kind) {
case N_INTLIT:
/* tsuffix-typed literal: checker resolved n->type via
* lookup_builtin. Untyped int leaves n->type at
* TY_UNTYPED_INT — we conservatively skip those (wwstage
* matches: no tsuffix → sz=0). */
if (n->tsuffix && n->type) {
Type *u = (n->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? n->type->under : n->type;
if (u && u->kind != TY_UNTYPED_INT
&& u->kind != TY_UNTYPED_RUNE
&& type_isint(u)) {
t = u;
}
}
break;
case N_IDENT:
case N_CAST:
t = n->type;
break;
case N_UN:
castsrcprim(n->lhs, sz, unsignd);
return;
case N_DOT: {
/* Real struct field only. .len / .cap / .ptr on str /
* slice / array are pseudo-fields wwstage doesn't see. */
Type *bt = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_PTR) {
Type *st = bu->sub;
bu = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
}
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
t = n->type;
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
Type *u = (t && t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
if (u && type_isint(u)) {
*sz = (int)u->size;
*unsignd = type_isunsigned(u);
}
}
/* localloadop — read instruction for a scalar local/let load. Same
* dispatch as fldloadop, but keyed on the value's own type. Lets the
* caller emit MOVSXD / MOVSWQ / MOVSBQ on a signed-narrow slot instead
* of a raw MOVQ, so a slot that was last written by a narrow deref-
* store (`*p: *i32 = v` lowers to MOVL, only 4B) reads back as a
* properly-sign-extended i64. The natural N_ASSIGN / N_LET paths
* already store the value as a sign-extended 8B word so a MOVQ read
* accidentally works; deref-stores are the only path that touches
* fewer bytes than MOVQ reads. Fixing the read makes the slot's
* representation honest regardless of which store path wrote it. */
static int
localloadop(Type *t)
{
int sz = (t && t->size > 0) ? (int)t->size : 8;
if (sz != 1 && sz != 2 && sz != 4) return A_MOVQ;
return fldloadop(t, sz);
}
/* struct ≤16B all-INTEGER: 1 or 2 eightbyte regs.
* Returns 0 if not a struct or too large. */
static int
struct_arg_size(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL || t->kind != TY_STRUCT) return 0;
return (int)t->size;
}
/* Tagged-union arg byte size: 16 (8B variants) or 24 (16B variants).
* Nullable-folded `(*T | void)` collapses to 8 bytes (just the
* pointer). Returns 0 if not a tagged union or too large to pass
* in registers. */
static int
tagged_arg_size(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL || t->kind != TY_TAGGED) return 0;
/* Param/let/struct contexts have 6 int regs (DI..R9) so a 48B
* tagged union (6 words) still fits in registers. Return values
* are stricter (AX:DX:CX, max 24B) — gated separately in
* cgreturn. */
if (t->size > 48) return 0;
return (int)t->size;
}
/* type_isnullable — TY_TAGGED with the (*T | void) one-word fold. */
static int
type_isnullable(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
return t && t->kind == TY_TAGGED && t->nullable;
}
/* nullable_ptr_tag — index of the *T variant in a nullable union.
* Returns 0 or 1; the void variant takes the other slot. */
static int
nullable_ptr_tag(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL || t->kind != TY_TAGGED) return 0;
int i = 0;
for (Tparam *p = t->params; p; p = p->next, i++) {
Type *pu = (p->type && p->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? p->type->under : p->type;
if (pu && pu->kind == TY_PTR) return i;
}
return 0;
}
static int
node_istaggedarg(Node *n)
{
return n && tagged_arg_size(n->type) > 0;
}
static int
node_isstructarg(Node *n)
{
if (n == NULL) return 0;
int sz = struct_arg_size(n->type);
return sz > 0 && sz <= 16;
}
/* Pick the appropriate scalar SSE opcode (SS vs SD) for a node's
* float type. Untyped float defaults to SD. */
static int
op_for(Node *n, int sd_op, int ss_op)
{
return node_isf32(n) ? ss_op : sd_op;
}
/* Strict variant matcher. Returns 1 iff a value of `src` should be
* tagged as variant `vt` in a tagged-union dispatch:
* - untyped src: first variant whose type can hold it (type_assignable)
* - both NAMED: pointer-identical (same `type` declaration node)
* - one NAMED, the other not: no match (different nominal types)
* - otherwise: structural type_eq
* The pointer-identity rule is what keeps `(str | linerr)` distinguishable
* even though linerr unwraps to str. */
static int
cg_variant_match(Type *vt, Type *src)
{
if (vt == NULL || src == NULL) return 0;
if (type_isuntyped(src)) return type_assignable(vt, src);
if (vt->kind == TY_NAMED && src->kind == TY_NAMED) return vt == src;
if (vt->kind == TY_NAMED || src->kind == TY_NAMED) return 0;
return type_eq(vt, src);
}
/* cg_tagged_success_tag — index of the success variant in a tagged
* union. Mirrors check.c tagged_success_type: explicit-flag mode
* picks the first non-`!`-marked variant; legacy mode picks index 0. */
static int
cg_tagged_success_tag(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL || t->kind != TY_TAGGED) return 0;
int has_err = 0;
for (Tparam *p = t->params; p; p = p->next)
if (p->type && p->type->iserror) { has_err = 1; break; }
if (!has_err) return 0;
int idx = 0;
for (Tparam *p = t->params; p; p = p->next, idx++)
if (p->type && !p->type->iserror) return idx;
return 0;
}
static int
cg_variant_is_error(Type *t, int idx)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL || t->kind != TY_TAGGED) return 0;
int has_err = 0;
for (Tparam *p = t->params; p; p = p->next)
if (p->type && p->type->iserror) { has_err = 1; break; }
int i = 0;
for (Tparam *p = t->params; p; p = p->next, i++) {
if (i == idx) {
if (has_err) return p->type && p->type->iserror;
/* legacy: index 0 is success, rest are errors */
return idx != 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* Find the variant-tag index of `vt` inside the tagged-union type `t`.
* Returns -1 if `t` is not tagged or `vt` does not match a variant.
* Used by N_MATCH dispatch and by the let/assign/return tag synthesis. */
static int
cg_tag_for_variant(Type *t, Type *vt)
{
if (t == NULL || vt == NULL) return -1;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
if (t == NULL || t->kind != TY_TAGGED) return -1;
int idx = 0;
for (Tparam *p = t->params; p; p = p->next, idx++) {
if (cg_variant_match(p->type, vt)) return idx;
}
return -1;
}
static int
type_istagged(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
if (t->kind == TY_NAMED) t = t->under;
return t && t->kind == TY_TAGGED;
}
/* FFI map: ww-side ident name → linker-side symbol name. Built from
* @symbol("real_name") attributes on fn declarations. */
typedef struct Ffi Ffi;
struct Ffi {
const char *ident;
const char *symbol;
Ffi *next;
};
static Ffi *ffi_map;
/* Def-as-string-literal map. `def NAME: str = "lit"` doesn't materialise
* as a real linker symbol; instead, references to NAME load the same
* (ptr, len) pair that the literal would. Avoids needing relocations
* inside DATA blocks for the ptr field of a str header. */
typedef struct Sdef Sdef;
struct Sdef {
const char *name;
const char *mod; /* raw `// MODULE:` directive on the decl,
* or NULL. Mirrors cgfn's c->cur_mod which
* stores the same raw form. */
const char *bytes;
u64 len;
Sdef *next;
};
static Sdef *sdefs;
/* Same-module-first match for Sdef walks. Mirrors wwstage deflookuprhs's
* first pass: returns 1 iff s belongs to the fn we're emitting. Caller
* still re-walks for the any-module fallback. */
static int
sdef_mod_match(Cg *c, Sdef *s)
{
const char *a = s->mod, *b = c->cur_mod;
if (a == b) return 1;
if (a == NULL || b == NULL) return 0;
return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
}
/* Interned string literals — emitted as DATA directives after all
* function bodies, so the linker lays them out alongside .text. */
typedef struct Strlit Strlit;
struct Strlit {
const char *label;
const char *bytes;
u64 len;
Strlit *next;
};
static Strlit *strlits;
static int strlit_seq;
static const char *
intern_strlit(Cg *c, const char *bytes, u64 len)
{
for (Strlit *s = strlits; s; s = s->next)
if (s->len == len && memcmp(s->bytes, bytes, len) == 0)
return s->label;
Strlit *s = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *s);
s->label = aprintf(c->a, "_S_%d", strlit_seq++);
s->bytes = bytes;
s->len = len;
s->next = strlits;
strlits = s;
return s->label;
}
static void
emit_data(Cg *c, FILE *out)
{
for (Strlit *s = strlits; s; s = s->next) {
fprintf(out, "DATA %s(SB),\"", s->label);
for (u64 i = 0; i < s->len; i++) {
unsigned char b = (unsigned char)s->bytes[i];
switch (b) {
case '"': fputs("\\\"", out); break;
case '\\': fputs("\\\\", out); break;
case '\n': fputs("\\n", out); break;
case '\t': fputs("\\t", out); break;
case '\r': fputs("\\r", out); break;
default:
if (b < 0x20 || b >= 0x7f)
fprintf(out, "\\x%02x", b);
else
fputc(b, out);
}
}
/* Trailing NUL: lets `.ptr` be passed to libc / syscalls
* that expect a C string. The `len` field still excludes
* this byte, so iteration semantics are unchanged. */
fputs("\\x00", out);
fputs("\"\n", out);
}
(void)c;
}
static const char *
ffi_resolve(const char *ident)
{
for (Ffi *f = ffi_map; f; f = f->next)
if (strcmp(f->ident, ident) == 0) return f->symbol;
return ident;
}
static void
ffi_collect(Cg *c, Node *file)
{
ffi_map = NULL;
if (file == NULL) return;
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_FNDECL) continue;
for (Node *a = d->attr; a; a = a->next) {
if (a->kind != N_ATTR) continue;
if (strcmp(a->str, "symbol") != 0) continue;
if (a->list == NULL || a->list->kind != N_STRLIT) continue;
Ffi *f = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *f);
f->ident = d->str;
f->symbol = a->list->str;
f->next = ffi_map;
ffi_map = f;
}
}
}
/* Module-private symbol map. Mirrors selfhost/cmd/wcc/cgen.ww. Every
* non-FFI top-level fn decl is mangled to <module>.<name> at emission
* time so two modules can each define the same fn leaf — including
* exported ones (lib/os and lib/io both ship `read`/`write`/`close`)
* — without colliding at link time. Non-fn decls (let/def/type) keep
* the older "non-exported only" rule: their export-side namespace is
* the user-facing data ABI and mangling them changes the surface. */
typedef struct Mod Mod;
struct Mod {
const char *name;
const char *module;
Mod *next;
};
static Mod *mod_map;
/* Top-level `let` map. Populated alongside mod_map; consulted by the
* N_IDENT store path and the &-of path to route reads/writes through
* a RIP-relative reference rather than dropping them as the (pre-
* writable-.data) compiler did. emit_lets emits a DATAW for each. */
typedef struct LetVar LetVar;
struct LetVar {
const char *name;
LetVar *next;
};
static LetVar *letvars;
/* Slot size for a top-level `let` of type t, or 0 if the type isn't
* supported as a writable global yet. Tagged unions are deferred.
* enums route through their storage type.
* Keep this tight — extending it requires the matching load/store
* code below. */
static int
let_emit_size(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
Type *u = (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
if (u == NULL) return 0;
switch (u->kind) {
case TY_BOOL: case TY_RUNE:
case TY_I8: case TY_I16: case TY_I32: case TY_I64:
case TY_U8: case TY_U16: case TY_U32: case TY_U64:
case TY_INT: case TY_UINT: case TY_UINTPTR:
case TY_PTR:
return 8;
case TY_F32:
return 4; /* MOVSS loads/stores 4B via LEAQ+indir. */
case TY_F64:
return 8; /* MOVSD loads/stores 8B via LEAQ+indir. */
case TY_STR:
return 16; /* {ptr, len}; literal-strlit init NYI. */
case TY_SLICE:
return 24; /* {ptr, len, cap}; no init only. */
case TY_STRUCT:
return (int)u->size; /* zero-init only; field reads/
* scalar-field writes only. */
case TY_ARRAY:
return (int)u->size; /* zero-init only; element
* loads/stores via cgindex. Mirror
* of selfhost letemitsize's
* N_TARRAY branch. */
default:
return 0;
}
}
/* Is the unwrapped type a str? Used by the load/store paths so the
* (AX, BX) pair convention is preserved for str globals, mirroring
* what we already do for str locals. */
static int
let_isstr(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
Type *u = (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
return u && u->kind == TY_STR;
}
/* Is the unwrapped type a slice? Slice globals flow as the (AX, BX,
* CX) triple — same as the local ABI. */
static int
let_isslice(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
Type *u = (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
return u && u->kind == TY_SLICE;
}
/* Is the unwrapped type a struct? Struct globals only support field
* access (read + plain `=` write for scalar fields). Whole-struct
* by-value flow through expressions isn't wired. */
static int
let_isstruct(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
Type *u = (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
return u && u->kind == TY_STRUCT;
}
/* Is the unwrapped type a fixed-length array? Array globals are
* zero-init DATAW slots; cgindex addresses them as LEAQ name(SB)
* and lets the element load/store run as usual. */
static int
let_isarray(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
Type *u = (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
return u && u->kind == TY_ARRAY;
}
/* Is the unwrapped type a float (f32 or f64)? Float globals flow
* through X0 — load/store goes LEAQ name(SB),CX → MOVSS/MOVSD via the
* indirect, since the asm has no D_EXTERN form for SSE moves yet. */
static int
let_isfloat(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return 0;
Type *u = (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
return u && (u->kind == TY_F32 || u->kind == TY_F64);
}
/* Returns the unwrapped Type — handy when we need to walk struct
* fields. NULL if t is NULL or unresolved. */
static Type *
type_unwrap(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return NULL;
return (t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
}
/* Element-effective type for indexing. For `*[N]T` we drill through
* the pointer to the underlying array so esz/esub reflect T, not the
* whole-array pointee. For everything else returns t unchanged. */
static Type *
idx_eff(Type *t)
{
if (t == NULL) return NULL;
Type *u = type_unwrap(t);
if (u && u->kind == TY_PTR && u->sub) {
Type *p = type_unwrap(u->sub);
if (p && p->kind == TY_ARRAY) return p;
}
return u;
}
static int
decl_has_ffisym(Node *d)
{
for (Node *a = d->attr; a; a = a->next) {
if (a->kind != N_ATTR) continue;
if (strcmp(a->str, "symbol") == 0) return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/* Skip rule = {@symbol, main, empty-module}. Do NOT skip on `export` for fns.
* Both stages must match exactly — ww2/ww3/ww4 byte-identity depends on it. */
static void
mod_collect(Cg *c, Node *file)
{
mod_map = NULL;
if (file == NULL) return;
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
int isfn = (d->kind == N_FNDECL);
int track = isfn || (d->kind == N_TYPEDECL)
|| (d->kind == N_DEF) || (d->kind == N_LET);
if (!track) continue;
/* Non-fn decls (let/def/type) still skip exported entries —
* their export-side namespace is the user-facing data ABI
* and mangling them changes the surface. Fns mangle
* unconditionally so cross-module same-leaf exports
* (os.read vs io.read) coexist at link time. */
if (!isfn && d->export) continue;
if (d->module == NULL || d->module[0] == '\0') continue;
if (decl_has_ffisym(d)) continue;
/* `main` is the linker entry-point convention. Even when not
* marked `export`, it must keep its bare name so w6l can
* resolve `_start`'s `CALL main(SB)`. */
if (d->str && strcmp(d->str, "main") == 0) continue;
Mod *m = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *m);
m->name = d->str;
m->module = d->module;
m->next = mod_map;
mod_map = m;
}
}
/* Returns the originating module for a name, or NULL if the name
* isn't a registered private decl. By-name only — works for non-fn
* refs (let/def/type) where the mod_collect skip rule keeps each leaf
* unique across the program. Fn refs go through mod_lookup_for_fn
* since multiple modules can now export the same fn leaf. */
static const char *
mod_lookup(const char *name)
{
for (Mod *m = mod_map; m; m = m->next)
if (strcmp(m->name, name) == 0) return m->module;
return NULL;
}
/* Hint-aware variant for fn names. Walks mod_map looking for a
* (name, hint) pair; returns NULL if there's no leaf-name match at
* all, the hinted module if a match exists, or the first leaf match
* when the caller had no hint. The hint comes from AST shape:
* - N_DOT call `m.fn(...)`: hint = the SK_USE module ident's str.
* - bare N_IDENT call `fn(...)`: hint = c->cur_mod (current fn's
* module — bare names resolve same-module by ww's rules).
* Falling back to the first leaf match preserves the legacy single-
* owner shape for callers that don't (yet) thread a hint. */
static const char *
mod_lookup_for_fn(const char *name, const char *hint)
{
const char *first = NULL;
for (Mod *m = mod_map; m; m = m->next) {
if (strcmp(m->name, name) != 0) continue;
if (hint != NULL && m->module != NULL
&& strcmp(m->module, hint) == 0)
return m->module;
if (first == NULL) first = m->module;
}
return first;
}
/* Collect every top-level `let` whose declared type we can store
* in a single .data slot. Names not in this map fall through to
* the old "drop assignment" path; with a clear link-time
* undefined-symbol error on any read. */
static void
let_collect(Cg *c, Node *file)
{
letvars = NULL;
if (file == NULL) return;
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_LET) continue;
if (d->str == NULL || d->str[0] == '\0') continue;
if (let_emit_size(d->type) == 0) continue;
LetVar *lv = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *lv);
lv->name = d->str;
lv->next = letvars;
letvars = lv;
}
}
static int
let_islet(const char *name)
{
if (name == NULL) return 0;
for (LetVar *lv = letvars; lv; lv = lv->next)
if (strcmp(lv->name, name) == 0) return 1;
return 0;
}
/* Glue `<module>.<ident>` into a fresh arena buffer. */
static const char *
mod_join(Cg *c, const char *mod, const char *ident)
{
size_t mn = strlen(mod), in = strlen(ident);
char *buf = amalloc(c->a, mn + 1 + in + 1);
memcpy(buf, mod, mn);
buf[mn] = '.';
memcpy(buf + mn + 1, ident, in);
buf[mn + 1 + in] = '\0';
return buf;
}
/* Mangle an AST identifier into its asm linker symbol:
* - @symbol("...") binding wins (return mapped name).
* - module-private decl → <module>.<name>.
* - else → name unchanged.
* Used at every CALL/MOVQ/LEAQ site that targets an AST name. Plain
* `asym(s)` still emits `s` verbatim — use it for strlit labels and
* hard-coded runtime symbols like "rt_streq". */
static const char *
mod_mangle(Cg *c, const char *ident)
{
const char *resolved = ffi_resolve(ident);
if (resolved != ident) return resolved;
const char *mod = mod_lookup(ident);
if (mod == NULL) return ident;
return mod_join(c, mod, ident);
}
/* Fn-flavoured mangle: same shape as mod_mangle but consults
* mod_lookup_for_fn so the right module wins when multiple modules
* register the same fn leaf. `hint` is the explicit module from a
* N_DOT call site (or c->cur_mod for bare-ident calls); pass NULL
* to get the legacy first-match-wins behaviour. */
static const char *
mod_mangle_fn(Cg *c, const char *ident, const char *hint)
{
const char *resolved = ffi_resolve(ident);
if (resolved != ident) return resolved;
const char *mod = mod_lookup_for_fn(ident, hint);
if (mod == NULL) return ident;
return mod_join(c, mod, ident);
}
/* Forward decl — masym below depends on asym defined further down. */
static Adr asym(const char *s);
static Adr
masym(Cg *c, const char *ident)
{
return asym(mod_mangle(c, ident));
}
/* Fn-name address builder. Use at every CALL/LEAQ site whose target
* is a top-level fn — passes the hint so cross-module same-leaf
* exports resolve to the right module. */
static Adr
mafn(Cg *c, const char *ident, const char *hint)
{
return asym(mod_mangle_fn(c, ident, hint));
}
void
cg_init(Cg *c, Arena *a)
{
memset(c, 0, sizeof *c);
c->a = a;
}
Prog *
newprog(Cg *c, int op)
{
Prog *p = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *p);
p->as = op;
return p;
}
void
emit(Cg *c, Prog *p)
{
if (c->head == NULL) c->head = p;
else c->tail->link = p;
c->tail = p;
}
static Adr
areg(int r)
{
Adr a = { 0 };
a.type = r;
return a;
}
static Adr
aimm(long long v)
{
Adr a = { 0 };
a.type = D_CONST;
a.offset = v;
return a;
}
static Adr
amem(int r, long long off)
{
Adr a = { 0 };
a.type = D_INDIR;
a.reg = r;
a.offset = off;
return a;
}
static Adr
asym(const char *s)
{
Adr a = { 0 };
a.type = D_EXTERN;
a.sym = s;
return a;
}
static Adr
abranch(const char *s)
{
Adr a = { 0 };
a.type = D_BRANCH;
a.sym = s;
return a;
}
static char *
mklabel(Cg *c, const char *prefix)
{
return aprintf(c->a, "%s_%s_%d", c->fnname ? c->fnname : "_", prefix,
c->labelseq++);
}
static void
ins2(Cg *c, int op, Adr from, Adr to)
{
Prog *p = newprog(c, op);
p->from = from;
p->to = to;
emit(c, p);
}
static void
ins1(Cg *c, int op, Adr to)
{
Prog *p = newprog(c, op);
p->to = to;
emit(c, p);
}
static void
ins0(Cg *c, int op)
{
emit(c, newprog(c, op));
}
static void
label(Cg *c, const char *s)
{
Prog *p = newprog(c, A_NOP);
p->label = s;
emit(c, p);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* per-fn local table: name → stack offset (positive = below FP) */
typedef struct Local Local;
struct Local {
const char *name;
int off; /* relative to BP; negative for locals */
Local *next;
};
/* localoff — push a fresh stack slot for this binding and return its
* BP offset. Never dedups by name (post-#27): two `let a: T` in disjoint
* scopes within one fn must each get their own slot, sized to their own
* declared T. Pre-fix the dedup loop returned the first-allocated slot
* regardless of the new declaration's size, so an outer `let a: [128]u8`
* after an inner `let a: i64` would collapse onto the 8B slot and
* `a[127]` would land at +119(BP), past the saved RIP, into the
* caller's frame. localfind walks from the head, so the most recent
* binding still wins lookups inside its scope. */
static int
localoff(Cg *c, Local **head, const char *name, int size, int *frame)
{
int al = 8;
*frame = (*frame + size + al - 1) & ~(al - 1);
int off = -*frame;
Local *l = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *l);
l->name = name;
l->off = off;
l->next = *head;
*head = l;
return off;
}
/* local_alloc — synonym for localoff. Pre-#27 localoff deduped by name
* and local_alloc was the always-fresh escape hatch (match-arm bindings,
* synthetic scratch slots). Post-#27 localoff is also always-fresh, so
* the two are functionally identical; both names are kept so the call
* sites read intentfully (let-decl vs scratch). */
static int
local_alloc(Cg *c, Local **head, const char *name, int size, int *frame)
{
int al = 8;
*frame = (*frame + size + al - 1) & ~(al - 1);
int off = -*frame;
Local *l = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *l);
l->name = name;
l->off = off;
l->next = *head;
*head = l;
return off;
}
static int
localfind(Local *head, const char *name)
{
for (Local *l = head; l; l = l->next)
if (strcmp(l->name, name) == 0) return l->off;
return 0; /* 0 = not found (caller must verify) */
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* expressions: result lands in AX. Returns 1 on success. */
static void cgexpr(Cg*, Node*, Local*);
static void cgstmt(Cg*, Node*, Local**, int*);
static void cg_widen_tagged_push(Cg*, Local**, Type*, Node*, int);
static void cg_widen_tagged_store(Cg*, Local**, Type*, Node*, int, int, int);
static void cg_widen_tag_remap(Cg*, Type*, Type*, int);
/* cg_structlit_fill modes — see helper docstring. */
enum {
DST_BP = 0,
DST_PTR_LOCAL = 1,
DST_GLOBAL = 2,
};
static void cg_structlit_fill(Cg*, Local**, Type*, Node*, int, int, const char*, int);
static void cg_structlit_fill_bp(Cg*, Local**, Type*, Node*, int);
static void
cgexpr_int(Cg *c, long long v)
{
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(v), areg(D_AX));
}
/* cg_widen_tag_remap — when widening from one tagged union to another,
* rewrite the source's variant tag at BP+slot_off+0 to use the dst
* union's variant indices. No-op when src and dst index orders coincide.
*
* Mirrors Hare's tagged-subset assignment: a value of type (A|B) flows
* into (A|B|C) by re-tagging the discriminator to the position the
* variant occupies in the wider union. Both must already match by
* cg_variant_match — the checker enforces that.
*
* Emits a CMPQ-chain switch over the source tag because w6a has no
* CMOVQ encoding. The chain is linear in nvariants; in practice tagged
* unions are small. */
static void
cg_widen_tag_remap(Cg *c, Type *du, Type *su, int slot_off)
{
if (du == NULL || du->kind != TY_TAGGED) return;
if (su == NULL || su->kind != TY_TAGGED) return;
int identity = 1, idx = 0;
for (Tparam *p = su->params; p; p = p->next, idx++) {
int di = cg_tag_for_variant(du, p->type);
if (di < 0) di = 0;
if (di != idx) { identity = 0; break; }
}
if (identity) return;
const char *done = mklabel(c, "remap_done");
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, slot_off + 0), areg(D_AX));
idx = 0;
for (Tparam *p = su->params; p; p = p->next, idx++) {
const char *next = mklabel(c, "remap_next");
int di = cg_tag_for_variant(du, p->type);
if (di < 0) di = 0;
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(idx), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(next));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(di), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, slot_off + 0));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(done));
label(c, next);
}
label(c, done);
}
/* cg_widen_tagged_store — write the tagged-union slot bytes for `src`
* into base_reg+slot_off, sized to `sz` (8 for nullable fold, else
* 16/24+). Used by call-site widening (via cg_widen_tagged_push) and
* by the let/assign/return/struct-field-init paths.
*
* base_reg picks the addressing root for every write:
* - D_BP: function-frame slot. The original layout — callers pass
* a BP-relative slot_off and the function writes directly.
* - else (e.g. D_BX for a *struct field, D_CX for a top-level
* struct field): pointer-rooted dst. cgexpr inside this function
* trashes every GPR, so we can't carry base_reg across — instead
* we route every write through a fresh BP-rooted scratch slot,
* reload base_reg from a temp spill at the end, and word-copy
* scratch → (base_reg, slot_off). Caller is responsible for
* loading base_reg with the dst address before the call; the
* function preserves it across cgexpr via the spill.
*
* Branches by source shape (tagged_arg_size > 0 source counts as a
* tagged subset — possibly with different variant indices):
* - nullable: dst is folded (*T|void); store pointer at +0.
* - tagged ident: byte-copy slot words then remap tag at +0.
* - tagged expression: cgexpr leaves AX=tag, DX=val0, [CX=val1] —
* spill into slot then remap.
* - struct ident: zero-fill, byte-copy struct words to +8.
* - struct literal: zero-fill, store each field at slot+8+field_off.
* - str: cgexpr leaves AX=ptr, BX=len.
* - scalar: cgexpr leaves AX; store at +8 with zero pad. */
static void
cg_widen_tagged_store(Cg *c, Local **locals_p, Type *dst, Node *src,
int base_reg, int slot_off, int sz)
{
/* For pointer-rooted dst, materialise into a BP-rooted scratch
* slot — body writes via `amem(D_BP, write_off + k)` — then copy
* out. Spill base_reg first so cgexpr can clobber freely. */
int via_outer = (base_reg != D_BP);
int base_spill = 0;
int write_off = slot_off;
if (via_outer) {
if (cg_tagbase != 0) {
base_spill = cg_tagbase;
} else {
base_spill = local_alloc(c, locals_p, "@tagbase", 8,
cg_frame);
cg_tagbase = base_spill;
cg_tagbase_sz = 8;
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(base_reg), amem(D_BP, base_spill));
if (cg_tagscr != 0) {
if (sz > cg_tagscr_sz)
fatal("cg_widen_tagged_store: @tagscr "
"cached sz %d, need %d (per-fn slot "
"growth needs scanlocals pre-pass — "
"STATUS-4 #26c follow-up)",
cg_tagscr_sz, sz);
write_off = cg_tagscr;
} else {
write_off = local_alloc(c, locals_p, "@tagscr", sz,
cg_frame);
cg_tagscr = write_off;
cg_tagscr_sz = sz;
}
/* Pre-zero so str/scalar branches (which leave high words
* untouched when sz exceeds the variant's footprint) still
* deliver a clean slot to the copy-out. */
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
for (int k = 0; k < sz; k += 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + k));
}
Type *du = (dst && dst->kind == TY_NAMED) ? dst->under : dst;
if (du == NULL || du->kind != TY_TAGGED) return;
if (du->nullable) {
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
if (via_outer) goto copy_out;
return;
}
/* `expr: TaggedAlias` where the cast's destination IS the union
* itself is a widening, not a re-interpret. cgexpr on the cast
* leaves the inner expression's register shape (str: AX=ptr,
* BX=len), not the tagged AX/DX/CX triple — so route through the
* concrete-variant branches below by peeling the cast. Casts to
* a concrete variant (`7: i32`) keep their type for proper tag
* lookup and fall through to the matching branch. */
if (src && src->kind == N_CAST && src->lhs) {
Type *castt = src->type;
Type *castu = (castt && castt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? castt->under : castt;
Type *innert = src->lhs->type;
Type *innu = (innert && innert->kind == TY_NAMED)
? innert->under : innert;
int cast_is_widen = (castu == du) ||
(castu && castu->kind == TY_TAGGED && type_eq(castt, dst));
int inner_is_tagged = innu && innu->kind == TY_TAGGED;
if (cast_is_widen && !inner_is_tagged) {
src = src->lhs;
}
}
Type *st = src ? src->type : NULL;
Type *su = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
/* Tagged → tagged subset: copy slot words then tag-remap. */
if (su && su->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
int ssz = (int)su->size;
if (src->kind == N_IDENT) {
int soff = localfind(*locals_p, src->str);
for (int k = 0; k < ssz; k += 8) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, soff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + k));
}
} else {
/* Tagged source returned via the tagged-return ABI
* (AX=tag, DX=word0, CX=word1, R8=word2). The unused
* ABI words are zeroed by the producer (#18 cgreturn
* variant-widen) so the unconditional store here is
* safe even when the source variant has fewer payload
* words than the dst slot. */
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
if (ssz > 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8));
if (ssz > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 16));
if (ssz > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_R8),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 24));
}
if (ssz < sz) {
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
for (int k = ssz; k < sz; k += 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + k));
}
cg_widen_tag_remap(c, du, su, write_off);
if (via_outer) goto copy_out;
return;
}
/* Struct payload: zero the whole slot, then write fields/words
* at slot+8+ — keeping the tag word at slot+0 from the zero-fill,
* then patch it with the variant tag. */
if (su && su->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
for (int k = 0; k < sz; k += 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + k));
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(du, st);
if (src->kind == N_IDENT) {
int soff = localfind(*locals_p, src->str);
int ssz = (int)su->size;
int k = 0;
while (k + 8 <= ssz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, soff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8 + k));
k += 8;
}
if (k < ssz) {
/* Tail word: load with the right width to
* avoid stepping past the source slot. The
* zero-fill above means trailing slop is
* already clean. */
int tail = ssz - k;
int lop = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL :
(tail == 1 ? A_MOVB : A_MOVQ);
ins2(c, lop,
amem(D_BP, soff + k), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, lop, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8 + k));
}
} else if (src->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
for (Node *f = src->list; f; f = f->next) {
u64 foff = 0;
int fsz = 8;
Type *ftype = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = su->fields; fl; fl = fl->next) {
if (strcmp(fl->name, f->str) == 0) {
foff = fl->offset;
fsz = (int)(fl->type ? fl->type->size : 8);
ftype = fl->type;
break;
}
}
cgexpr(c, f->lhs, *locals_p);
int sl_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(ftype, &sl_isf32)) {
int mov = sl_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8 + (int)foff));
continue;
}
Type *fu = (ftype && ftype->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ftype->under : ftype;
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8 + (int)foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8 + (int)foff + 8));
continue;
}
int op = A_MOVQ;
if (fsz == 1) op = A_MOVB;
else if (fsz == 4) op = A_MOVL;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 8 + (int)foff));
}
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
if (via_outer) goto copy_out;
return;
}
/* str payload: AX=ptr, BX=len from cgexpr. */
if (type_isstr(st) || (su && su->kind == TY_STR)) {
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 16));
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(du, st);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
if (via_outer) goto copy_out;
return;
}
/* Slice payload: cgexpr leaves (AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=cap). The
* slot layout is tag@+0, ptr@+8, len@+16, cap@+24 — requires the
* destination tagged-union slot be at least 32B. */
if (type_isslice(st) || (su && su->kind == TY_SLICE)) {
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 16));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 24));
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(du, st);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
if (via_outer) goto copy_out;
return;
}
/* Float arm: cgexpr on an f64/f32 source leaves the bit pattern in
* X0 only — the AX-store below would silently write whatever was
* loaded into AX before the SSE conversion. Literal `1.0` works by
* coincidence (TK_FLOAT lowering loads the f64 bit pattern into AX
* before MOVSD'ing into X0); every runtime f64 shape (cast, call,
* unary, ident, struct-field load) needs the explicit MOVSD path.
* Same kind-specific dispatch as the str/slice branches above and
* the structlit field-flow at the top of this function. */
int wid_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(st, &wid_isf32)) {
int mov = wid_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_BP, write_off + 8));
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(du, st);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
if (via_outer) goto copy_out;
return;
}
/* Scalar / pointer / etc. The high slot word (when sz > 16) is
* left untouched here — match dispatches on the tag word first
* and only the str branch reads slot+16, so leaving the pad
* uninitialised in let/assign matches the pre-refactor asm.
* cg_widen_tagged_push pre-zeroes the scratch slot before
* calling us, so the call-site push still sees clean pad. */
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, write_off + 8));
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(du, st);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag), amem(D_BP, write_off + 0));
copy_out:
if (via_outer) {
/* cgexpr above clobbered base_reg — reload from spill, then
* word-copy scratch → caller's (base_reg, slot_off). */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, base_spill), areg(base_reg));
for (int k = 0; k < sz; k += 8) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, write_off + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(base_reg, slot_off + k));
}
}
}
/* cg_widen_tagged_push — call-site widening. For shapes where cgexpr
* leaves the value directly in registers (str: AX=ptr, BX=len; slice:
* AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=cap; scalar: AX), push from registers without a
* scratch slot. Struct payload and tagged-subset re-layout still
* route through a scratch slot. The direct-push form keeps wwstage's
* asm byte-identical to cstage on the byteindex / index family. */
static void
cg_widen_tagged_push(Cg *c, Local **locals_p, Type *dst, Node *src, int sz)
{
Type *du = (dst && dst->kind == TY_NAMED) ? dst->under : dst;
if (du && du->nullable) {
/* Single 8B slot: just push the pointer/null. */
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
return;
}
Type *st = src ? src->type : NULL;
Type *su = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
int src_is_struct = su && su->kind == TY_STRUCT;
int src_is_tagged = su && su->kind == TY_TAGGED;
if (!src_is_struct && !src_is_tagged) {
/* Direct-push fast path: str / slice / scalar / pointer. */
cgexpr(c, src, *locals_p);
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(du, st);
if (tag < 0) tag = 0;
if (type_isstr(st) || (su && su->kind == TY_STR)) {
/* slot 24: [+0]=tag, [+8]=ptr, [+16]=len. Push len,
* ptr, tag (high→low so pop drains tag first). */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX)); /* len */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* ptr */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* tag */
return;
}
if (type_isslice(st) || (su && su->kind == TY_SLICE)) {
/* slot 32: [+0]=tag, [+8]=ptr, [+16]=len, [+24]=cap. */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_CX)); /* cap */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX)); /* len */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* ptr */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* tag */
return;
}
/* Scalar / pointer variant. Pad with zero high words when
* the slot has room for a wider variant. */
int nwords = sz / 8;
for (int k = nwords - 1; k >= 2; k--) {
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_DX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_DX));
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* value at +8 */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* tag at +0 */
return;
}
int scr;
if (cg_tagscr != 0) {
if (sz > cg_tagscr_sz)
fatal("cg_widen_tagged_push: @tagscr cached sz %d, "
"need %d (per-fn slot growth needs scanlocals "
"pre-pass — STATUS-4 #26c follow-up)",
cg_tagscr_sz, sz);
scr = cg_tagscr;
} else {
scr = local_alloc(c, locals_p, "@tagscr", sz, cg_frame);
cg_tagscr = scr;
cg_tagscr_sz = sz;
}
/* Zero the scratch slot first so any pad word the store path
* leaves untouched (struct payload shorter than the slot's value
* area) reads as 0 on the callee. The store path then writes the
* variant bytes over the zeros. */
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
for (int k = 0; k < sz; k += 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, scr + k));
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, locals_p, dst, src, D_BP, scr, sz);
int nwords = sz / 8;
for (int k = nwords - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, scr + k * 8), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
}
}
/* cg_structlit_fill — fill a struct-typed slot from an N_STRUCTLIT
* value into one of three destination flavors. Used by N_LET, N_ASSIGN
* N_IDENT-lhs, N_RETURN N_STRUCTLIT (BP-rel), and N_ASSIGN N_DOT-lhs
* (BP-rel / via *struct local / via struct global) at single-dot and
* chained-dot sites.
*
* Destination modes:
* DST_BP — base = BP, no reload. Stores at disp+i(BP).
* srcoff/name unused.
* DST_PTR_LOCAL — base = BX, reloaded from srcoff(BP) before the
* ELLIPSIS zero-fill loop and before EVERY field
* store (cgexpr clobbers BX between fields).
* Stores at disp+i(BX). name unused.
* DST_GLOBAL — base = BX, reloaded via `LEAQ name(SB), BX` with
* the same reload cadence as DST_PTR_LOCAL.
* srcoff unused.
*
* Param semantics (locked in here so the recursion contract is clear):
* - `disp` is the per-recursion accumulator — grows by `foff` as
* we descend into a nested struct-typed structlit field.
* - `srcoff` (DST_PTR_LOCAL) and `name` (DST_GLOBAL) are *constant*
* across the whole call tree — they identify the root dst, which
* doesn't change with depth. Recursion passes them through.
*
* Why a helper? The inline field-walk at each call site previously
* did `cgexpr(f->lhs); store AX (sized)`. For struct-typed fields
* whose value is itself a nested N_STRUCTLIT, cgexpr has no whole-
* struct-in-register convention — it lands AX = first qword and the
* trailing bytes silently stay zero (or stack garbage). #17 fixed
* the BP-rel sites; #18 extends the same recursion to the four
* N_ASSIGN N_DOT-lhs structlit walks (single-dot via_ptr/global/
* local + chained depth>=2).
*
* The non-BP modes emit a redundant BX reload at the start of each
* recursive nested zero-fill / each recursive scalar store — this is
* correctness-by-construction (BX is always freshly loaded right
* before use), and the redundancy only fires on the nested-STRUCTLIT
* shapes that didn't compile before. Byte-identity for the no-nested
* case (the only shape selfhost source uses today) is preserved
* because the existing inline code's reload-before-each-store pattern
* matches the helper's per-store reload exactly.
*
* The scalar store dispatch stays at the explicit {1->MOVB, 4->MOVL,
* else MOVQ} shape (not fieldstoreop, which emits MOVW for fsz==2) to
* stay byte-identical with cstage pending task #13. */
static void
cg_structlit_fill(Cg *c, Local **locals_p, Type *lu, Node *lit,
int mode, int srcoff, const char *name, int disp)
{
int sz = (int)lu->size;
int base_reg = (mode == DST_BP) ? D_BP : D_BX;
if (lit->op == TK_ELLIPSIS) {
/* `..., ...` autofill — zero the entire slot first so
* unmentioned fields read as 0. Sized stores: 8/4/1. For
* non-BP modes, reload BX once before the loop (cgexpr-free
* region between iterations, so one reload is enough). */
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
if (mode == DST_PTR_LOCAL)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, srcoff), areg(D_BX));
else if (mode == DST_GLOBAL)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, name), areg(D_BX));
int zi = 0;
while (zi + 8 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(base_reg, disp + zi));
zi += 8;
}
while (zi + 4 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVL, areg(D_AX),
amem(base_reg, disp + zi));
zi += 4;
}
while (zi < sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVB, areg(D_AX),
amem(base_reg, disp + zi));
zi += 1;
}
}
for (Node *f = lit->list; f; f = f->next) {
u64 foff = 0;
int fsz = 8;
Type *ft = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = lu->fields; fl; fl = fl->next) {
if (strcmp(fl->name, f->str) == 0) {
foff = fl->offset;
fsz = (int)(fl->type ? fl->type->size : 8);
ft = fl->type;
break;
}
}
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED) ? ft->under : ft;
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
/* Tagged store: reload BX first (if non-BP) so the
* widener sees a valid base reg. The widener itself
* preserves base_reg through its internal cgexpr. */
if (mode == DST_PTR_LOCAL)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, srcoff),
areg(D_BX));
else if (mode == DST_GLOBAL)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, name), areg(D_BX));
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, locals_p, fu, f->lhs,
base_reg, disp + (int)foff, (int)fu->size);
continue;
}
/* Nested struct-typed structlit value: recurse at the
* field's offset so all inner fields land. Pre-#17/#18 the
* cgexpr-then-store below would land AX = first qword and
* the rest silently stayed zero. */
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& f->lhs && f->lhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
cg_structlit_fill(c, locals_p, fu, f->lhs,
mode, srcoff, name, disp + (int)foff);
continue;
}
/* Nested struct-typed CALL value (#20). cgexpr leaves
* AX=bytes[0..7], DX=bytes[8..15], CX=bytes[16..23] per
* #4's cgreturn ABI. Pre-#20 the cgexpr-then-AX-store
* fallthrough below silently dropped past the first
* qword for any fsz > 8 (only AX got stored).
*
* Sized stores: MOVQ for full 8B chunks plus a sized tail
* (MOVL/MOVW/MOVB) by `tail = fsz%8`. Mirrors #4's receive
* shape at the N_LET / N_ASSIGN call-rhs sites; the
* MOVW-for-tail==2 emission only fires on shapes that
* didn't compile before, so no #13 byte-identity concern.
*
* Guard `fsz <= 24 && fsz%8 ∈ {0,1,2,4}` matches #4's
* cgreturn ABI: >24B falls through (sret deferred);
* fsz%8 ∈ {3,5,6,7} would need shift-store and is also
* unsupported by #4 — falls through to the existing
* AX-only wrongness (consistent, tracked as follow-up).
*
* INVARIANT: between cgexpr(N_CALL) and the AX/DX/CX
* stores below, NO instruction may touch AX/DX/CX. The
* BX reload (MOVQ/LEAQ) is safe; any other emission
* added here will silently corrupt the return value. */
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& f->lhs && f->lhs->kind == N_CALL
&& fsz <= 24
&& (fsz % 8 == 0 || fsz % 8 == 1
|| fsz % 8 == 2 || fsz % 8 == 4)) {
cgexpr(c, f->lhs, *locals_p);
if (mode == DST_PTR_LOCAL)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, srcoff),
areg(D_BX));
else if (mode == DST_GLOBAL)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, name), areg(D_BX));
int regs[3] = { D_AX, D_DX, D_CX };
int full = fsz / 8;
int tail = fsz % 8;
for (int i = 0; i < full; i++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(regs[i]),
amem(base_reg,
disp + (int)foff + i * 8));
if (tail > 0) {
int op = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 2) ? A_MOVW : A_MOVB;
ins2(c, op, areg(regs[full]),
amem(base_reg,
disp + (int)foff + full * 8));
}
continue;
}
cgexpr(c, f->lhs, *locals_p);
/* For non-BP modes, cgexpr just clobbered BX; reload it
* before the store. */
if (mode == DST_PTR_LOCAL)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, srcoff), areg(D_BX));
else if (mode == DST_GLOBAL)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, name), areg(D_BX));
int sl_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(ft, &sl_isf32)) {
int mov = sl_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(base_reg, disp + (int)foff));
continue;
}
int op = A_MOVQ;
if (fsz == 1) op = A_MOVB;
else if (fsz == 4) op = A_MOVL;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX),
amem(base_reg, disp + (int)foff));
}
}
/* Thin wrapper preserving the BP-rel call shape used by N_LET,
* N_ASSIGN N_IDENT-lhs, and N_RETURN. Byte-identical to the pre-#18
* helper. */
static void
cg_structlit_fill_bp(Cg *c, Local **locals_p, Type *lu, Node *lit, int bp_off)
{
cg_structlit_fill(c, locals_p, lu, lit, DST_BP, 0, NULL, bp_off);
}
static void
cgexpr(Cg *c, Node *n, Local *locals)
{
if (n == NULL) {
cgexpr_int(c, 0);
return;
}
switch (n->kind) {
case N_INTLIT:
case N_RUNELIT:
cgexpr_int(c, (long long)n->uval);
break;
case N_FLOATLIT: {
union { double d; u64 u; } x;
x.d = n->fval;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm((long long)x.u), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVSD, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_X0));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
break;
}
case N_STRLIT: {
/* result lives as the (ptr, len) pair: ptr in AX, len in BX.
* Call sites that pass a str arg pick these up directly. */
const char *lab = intern_strlit(c, n->str, n->strlen);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, asym(lab), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm((long long)n->strlen), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
case N_TRUE: cgexpr_int(c, 1); break;
case N_FALSE:
case N_NIL:
case N_VOIDLIT: cgexpr_int(c, 0); break;
case N_IDENT: {
int off = localfind(locals, n->str);
if (off != 0) {
if (node_isfloat(n)) {
int op = op_for(n, A_MOVSD, A_MOVSS);
ins2(c, op, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_X0));
} else if (node_isstr(n)) {
/* str values flow as (AX=ptr, BX=len) so they
* can be returned in AX:DX or pushed to the
* call-arg stack uniformly. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_BX));
} else if (node_isslice(n)) {
/* slice values flow as (AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=cap)
* — mirror the global-slice load so a slice
* local can be reassigned, returned, or copied
* with the same triple convention. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 16), areg(D_CX));
} else {
ins2(c, localloadop(n->type),
amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
/* Non-local: function symbols load by address (LEAQ),
* str-typed `def`s expand to (ptr, len) of the literal,
* other globals (def constants) load by value (MOVQ). */
Type *t = n->type;
Type *u = (t && t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
if (u && u->kind == TY_FN) {
/* Take the address of a function. Apply
* @symbol resolution so taking the address
* of a body-less FFI binding yields the C
* symbol, not the ww-side ident. Hare emits
* the same `$symname` for both call and
* address-of via QBE; here we mirror that.
* Bare ident → same-module by ww's resolver,
* so c->cur_mod is the right disambiguation
* hint. */
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
mafn(c, n->str, c->cur_mod), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
{
/* Same-module-first walk over Sdef. Without
* the prefer pass two modules with same-leaf
* `def MSG: str = "..."` silently fold the
* wrong strlit into the caller's bare-ident
* load (sister callsite of cgdot's str-def
* field fold + wwstage deflookuprhs #4c). */
Sdef *s;
for (s = sdefs; s; s = s->next) {
if (strcmp(s->name, n->str) != 0)
continue;
if (sdef_mod_match(c, s)) break;
}
if (s == NULL) {
for (s = sdefs; s; s = s->next)
if (strcmp(s->name, n->str) == 0)
break;
}
if (s != NULL) {
const char *lab = intern_strlit(c,
s->bytes, s->len);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, asym(lab), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
aimm((long long)s->len),
areg(D_BX));
goto ident_done;
}
}
if (let_islet(n->str)
&& (let_isstr(n->type) || let_isslice(n->type))) {
/* Top-level str/slice global: load each half
* via its address (the asm has no `name+8(SB)`
* operand form). Slice has a third 8B (cap)
* — the address holder CX gets overwritten by
* the cap as the last step, after we no longer
* need it. */
int is_slice = let_isslice(n->type);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_CX, 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_CX, 8), areg(D_BX));
if (is_slice)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_CX, 16), areg(D_CX));
goto ident_done;
}
if (let_islet(n->str) && let_isfloat(n->type)) {
/* Top-level float global: same LEAQ-indirect
* shape as str/slice, since MOVSS/MOVSD have
* no D_EXTERN operand form in w6a. */
int op = type_isf32(n->type) ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, op, amem(D_CX, 0), areg(D_X0));
goto ident_done;
}
/* Top-level lets can be the target of `*p` deref-stores
* (via `&letname: *iN`), so a signed-narrow scalar let
* needs MOVSXD/MOVSWQ/MOVSBQ on the read. Defs are
* read-only constants — their address cannot escape,
* so they keep the simpler MOVQ shape (and the wwstage
* defent registry, which doesn't track the declared
* type, agrees byte-for-byte). */
int gop = let_islet(n->str)
? localloadop(n->type) : A_MOVQ;
if (gop == A_MOVQ) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_AX));
} else {
/* w6a has no MOVSXD/MOVSWQ/MOVSBQ D_EXTERN
* source form, so route through a LEAQ scratch
* the same way top-level str/slice/float lets
* do. */
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, gop, amem(D_CX, 0), areg(D_AX));
}
}
ident_done:
break;
}
case N_UN:
/* Address-of has its own evaluation strategy — we want the
* address of the operand, not its value. Special-case before
* the cgexpr pre-eval below so `&arr[i]` doesn't compile the
* value load and then discard it. */
if (n->op == TK_AMP) {
Node *opnd = n->lhs;
if (opnd && opnd->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, opnd->str);
if (off != 0) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
} else if (let_islet(opnd->str)) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, opnd->str),
areg(D_AX));
}
break;
}
if (opnd && opnd->kind == N_DOT) {
/* Address-of through a DOT chain. The early-exit
* above handled `&ident` and `&base[i]`; everything
* else was silently dropped. Three shapes converge
* here, all returning an 8B address (so no
* fldloadop dispatch — just LEAQ).
*
* 1. Value-struct fields, any depth (`&o.f`,
* `&o.i.a`, `&o.a.b.c`): walk the spine to a
* root ident, sum field offsets, emit LEAQ at
* base + sum. Mirror of the read at line 3722.
* 2. Slice/str pseudo-field tail (`&s.len`,
* `&b.buf.len`): folds into the spine walk
* with slice_delta 0/8/16.
* 3. Pointer-field (`&p.f` where p:*T): the spine
* walk aborts at the *T base; the fallback
* below loads p into AX and adds field_off.
*/
int amped = 0;
/* Spine walk — same shape as the read at 3722.
* Records (parent_struct, field_name) leaf-first,
* then iterates root-first to sum offsets. */
struct { Type *pu; const char *name; } steps[16];
int nsteps = 0;
Node *cur = opnd;
int abort = 0;
while (cur && cur->kind == N_DOT && cur->lhs) {
Type *pt = cur->lhs->type;
Type *pu = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? pt->under : pt;
if (!pu) { abort = 1; break; }
if (cur == opnd && (pu->kind == TY_SLICE
|| pu->kind == TY_STR)) {
/* leaf pseudo on slice/str header */
} else if (pu->kind != TY_STRUCT) {
abort = 1;
break;
}
if (nsteps >= 16) { abort = 1; break; }
steps[nsteps].pu = pu;
steps[nsteps].name = cur->str;
nsteps++;
cur = cur->lhs;
}
if (!abort && cur && cur->kind == N_IDENT
&& nsteps > 0) {
int total_off = 0;
int slice_delta = -1;
int ok = 1;
for (int i = nsteps - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
Type *pu = steps[i].pu;
if (pu->kind == TY_SLICE
|| pu->kind == TY_STR) {
if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "ptr") == 0)
slice_delta = 0;
else if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "len") == 0)
slice_delta = 8;
else if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "cap") == 0)
slice_delta = 16;
else { ok = 0; break; }
} else {
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = pu->fields; fl; fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name, steps[i].name) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
if (!f) { ok = 0; break; }
total_off += (int)f->offset;
}
}
if (ok) {
int extra = (slice_delta >= 0)
? slice_delta : 0;
int root_off = localfind(locals, cur->str);
if (root_off != 0) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP,
root_off + total_off + extra),
areg(D_AX));
amped = 1;
} else if (let_islet(cur->str)) {
/* Two-step global form mirrors the
* read path's `LEAQ name,CX → MOVQ
* disp(CX),AX`, swapping the MOVQ
* for LEAQ. */
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_CX, total_off + extra),
areg(D_AX));
amped = 1;
}
}
}
/* Pointer-field fallback for `&p.f` where p:*T —
* the spine walker aborts on the *T base. Load p
* into AX, then LEAQ field_off(AX),AX. Mirror of
* the read at line 4033. */
if (!amped && opnd->lhs
&& opnd->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
Type *bt = opnd->lhs->type;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? bt->under : bt;
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_PTR && bu->sub) {
Type *inner = bu->sub;
if (inner->kind == TY_NAMED)
inner = inner->under;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
for (Tfield *f = inner->fields;
f; f = f->next) {
if (strcmp(f->name, opnd->str) != 0)
continue;
int off = localfind(locals,
opnd->lhs->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset),
areg(D_AX));
amped = 1;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (amped) break;
/* Fall through to silent-drop fallback below. */
}
if (opnd && opnd->kind == N_INDEX) {
/* &base[i] = base + i*esz, no dereference. */
Node *base = opnd->lhs;
Node *idx = opnd->rhs;
Type *bt = base ? base->type : NULL;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? bt->under : bt;
int esz = (bu && bu->sub)
? (int)bu->sub->size : 1;
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_STR) esz = 1;
cgexpr(c, idx, locals); /* idx → AX */
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
}
if (base && base->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(locals,
base->str);
int is_arr = bu &&
bu->kind == TY_ARRAY;
if (boff != 0) {
if (is_arr) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, boff),
areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, boff),
areg(D_BX));
}
} else if (let_islet(base->str)) {
if (is_arr) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_BX));
}
} else {
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_BX),
areg(D_BX));
}
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_BX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
}
/* Complex base: eval to AX, swap into BX,
* then add the saved scaled idx. */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, base, locals);
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
/* Other shapes (& on a complex expr): silent drop,
* mirrors the pre-existing fallback. */
break;
}
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
switch (n->op) {
case TK_MINUS:
if (node_isfloat(n->lhs)) {
/* Float negate: X0 = 0 - X0. cgexpr left the
* value in X0; AX-only NEGQ wouldn't touch it. */
int isf32 = node_isf32(n->lhs);
int mov = isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
int sub = isf32 ? A_SUBSS : A_SUBSD;
/* save orig X0 → stack */
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_SP, 0));
/* load 0.0 into X0 (zero bit pattern == 0.0) */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, mov, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_X0));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
/* X1 = orig; X0 = X0 - X1 = -orig */
ins2(c, mov, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, sub, areg(D_X1), areg(D_X0));
} else {
ins1(c, A_NEGQ, areg(D_AX));
}
break;
case TK_TILDE:
/* NOTQ inverts the whole 64-bit register. For unsigned
* narrow types we clamp to the type width so the
* upper bits are 0, matching how zero-extended loads
* leave the register. Signed narrow types already
* end up sign-extended (NOTQ on a sign-extended
* positive becomes sign-extended negative), so they
* need no fix-up. u32 uses MOVL r,r (zero-extends
* upper 32) because ANDQ $0xFFFFFFFF would sign-extend
* the imm32 to all-ones and act as a no-op. */
ins1(c, A_NOTQ, areg(D_AX));
if (n->type && type_isunsigned(n->type)
&& n->type->size < 8) {
if (n->type->size == 4) {
ins2(c, A_MOVL, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
} else {
u64 mask = ((u64)1 << (n->type->size * 8)) - 1;
ins2(c, A_ANDQ, aimm((i64)mask), areg(D_AX));
}
}
break;
case TK_NOT: {
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
char *t = mklabel(c, "tt");
char *e = mklabel(c, "te");
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(t));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(e));
label(c, t);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_AX));
label(c, e);
break;
}
case TK_AMP:
/* Handled in the pre-cgexpr early-exit above. */
break;
case TK_STAR: /* deref */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_AX, 0), areg(D_AX));
break;
default: break;
}
break;
case N_BIN: {
/* Short-circuit `&&` / `||`. Operands are bool (0/1); the
* type checker enforces it. Eval LHS into AX, branch over
* RHS on the short-circuit polarity, otherwise eval RHS
* into AX. The surviving AX is the result. Must precede
* any eager-eval path below — `if (p != nil && p.x > 0)`
* would segfault on a nil deref otherwise. */
if (n->op == TK_AND || n->op == TK_OR) {
char *end = mklabel(c, n->op == TK_AND ? "andend" : "orend");
int jshrt = (n->op == TK_AND) ? A_JE : A_JNE;
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, jshrt, abranch(end));
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
label(c, end);
break;
}
/* str == str / str != str — delegate to rt_streq, which
* does the byte-by-byte compare. */
if ((n->op == TK_EQ || n->op == TK_NEQ) &&
node_isstr(n->lhs) && node_isstr(n->rhs)) {
/* Push rhs (len, then ptr top) */
if (n->rhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->rhs->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
} else {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* AX=ptr, BX=len */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
}
/* Push lhs */
if (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
} else {
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
}
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_DI));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_SI));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_DX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX));
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym("rt_streq"));
if (n->op == TK_NEQ)
ins2(c, A_XORQ, aimm(1), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
/* Float comparison: operands are float but the BIN node's
* type is bool, so node_isfloat(n) is false — we have to
* inspect n->lhs. UCOMISD/UCOMISS sets ZF/CF as if an
* unsigned compare, so the JA family is the right Jcc set
* regardless of how the operand types are signed. Plan 9's
* own w6c picks the same pattern (txt.c around AUCOMISD).
* NaN handling: UCOMI sets PF on unordered; we ignore it,
* which means NaN compares behave like Hare's default. */
if (n->lhs && node_isfloat(n->lhs) &&
(n->op == TK_EQ || n->op == TK_NEQ
|| n->op == TK_LT || n->op == TK_LE
|| n->op == TK_GT || n->op == TK_GE)) {
int isf32 = node_isf32(n->lhs);
int mov = isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
int ucomi = isf32 ? A_UCOMISS : A_UCOMISD;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* rhs → X0 */
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_SP, 0));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals); /* lhs → X0 */
ins2(c, mov, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, ucomi, areg(D_X1), areg(D_X0));
int op = A_JE;
switch (n->op) {
case TK_EQ: op = A_JE; break;
case TK_NEQ: op = A_JNE; break;
case TK_LT: op = A_JB; break;
case TK_LE: op = A_JBE; break;
case TK_GT: op = A_JA; break;
case TK_GE: op = A_JAE; break;
default: break;
}
char *t = mklabel(c, "ct");
char *e = mklabel(c, "ce");
ins1(c, op, abranch(t));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(e));
label(c, t);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_AX));
label(c, e);
break;
}
if (node_isfloat(n)) {
int isf32 = node_isf32(n);
int mov = isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* X0 */
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_SP, 0));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals); /* X0 */
ins2(c, mov, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUS:
ins2(c, isf32 ? A_ADDSS : A_ADDSD, areg(D_X1), areg(D_X0));
break;
case TK_MINUS:
ins2(c, isf32 ? A_SUBSS : A_SUBSD, areg(D_X1), areg(D_X0));
break;
case TK_STAR:
ins2(c, isf32 ? A_MULSS : A_MULSD, areg(D_X1), areg(D_X0));
break;
case TK_SLASH:
ins2(c, isf32 ? A_DIVSS : A_DIVSD, areg(D_X1), areg(D_X0));
break;
default: break;
}
break;
}
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUS: ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_MINUS: ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_STAR: ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_SLASH: {
/* Use DIV (unsigned) when either operand is an unsigned
* integer type — IDIV would sign-extend a u64 with high
* bit set into a negative i64 and produce wrong results
* (see strconv.u64tos with v = 1 << 63). Signed IDIV
* needs CQO to sign-extend RAX into RDX:RAX; zeroing
* DX would treat a negative dividend as a huge unsigned
* 128-bit value. */
int unsignd = (n->lhs && type_isunsigned(n->lhs->type))
|| (n->rhs && type_isunsigned(n->rhs->type));
if (unsignd)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DX));
else
ins0(c, A_CQO);
ins1(c, unsignd ? A_DIVQ : A_IDIVQ, areg(D_BX));
break;
}
case TK_PERCENT: {
int unsignd = (n->lhs && type_isunsigned(n->lhs->type))
|| (n->rhs && type_isunsigned(n->rhs->type));
if (unsignd)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DX));
else
ins0(c, A_CQO);
ins1(c, unsignd ? A_DIVQ : A_IDIVQ, areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
case TK_AMP: ins2(c, A_ANDQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_PIPE: ins2(c, A_ORQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_CARET: ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_LSHIFT: case TK_RSHIFT:
/* shift amount must be in CL */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, n->op == TK_LSHIFT ? A_SHLQ : A_SHRQ,
areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_EQ: case TK_NEQ: case TK_LT: case TK_LE:
case TK_GT: case TK_GE: {
/* For ordered comparisons on unsigned operands we must
* use the JA/JAE/JB/JBE family — signed Jcc would treat
* a u64 with the high bit set as negative (e.g. the
* loop guard `n > 0` in strconv.u64tos with n=1<<63). */
int unsignd = (n->lhs && type_isunsigned(n->lhs->type))
|| (n->rhs && type_isunsigned(n->rhs->type));
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
int op = A_JE;
switch (n->op) {
case TK_EQ: op = A_JE; break;
case TK_NEQ:op = A_JNE; break;
case TK_LT: op = unsignd ? A_JB : A_JL; break;
case TK_LE: op = unsignd ? A_JBE : A_JLE; break;
case TK_GT: op = unsignd ? A_JA : A_JG; break;
case TK_GE: op = unsignd ? A_JAE : A_JGE; break;
default: break;
}
char *t = mklabel(c, "ct");
char *e = mklabel(c, "ce");
ins1(c, op, abranch(t));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(e));
label(c, t);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_AX));
label(c, e);
break;
}
/* TK_AND / TK_OR handled with short-circuit codegen at the
* top of N_BIN — they never reach this eager-eval switch. */
default: break;
}
break;
}
case N_ASSIGN: {
/* Discard lvalue `_ = expr;` — evaluate rhs for side effects,
* write nothing. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT &&
n->lhs->str && n->lhs->str[0] == '\0' &&
n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
break;
}
/* p.x = v or p.x += v where p.x is a struct field
* (direct or via *struct). For compound ops we read-modify-
* write the field; for plain `=` we just write. The base
* accepts two parser shapes: a bare IDENT (auto-deref when
* the IDENT's type is *T, value-struct otherwise) and the
* explicit-deref form `(*p).f = ...` where the parser emits
* N_UN(STAR, IDENT(p)). For (*p).f, retarget base to the
* inner IDENT so the via_ptr branch fires identically to
* `p.f = v`. v1 scope: bare-IDENT inner only; (*expr).f
* (non-IDENT inner) falls through to the existing drop
* behaviour pending follow-up task. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->lhs->lhs &&
(n->lhs->lhs->kind == N_IDENT ||
(n->lhs->lhs->kind == N_UN && n->lhs->lhs->op == TK_STAR
&& n->lhs->lhs->lhs
&& n->lhs->lhs->lhs->kind == N_IDENT))) {
Node *base = n->lhs->lhs;
if (base->kind == N_UN) base = base->lhs;
Type *bt = base->type;
Type *u = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
int via_ptr = 0;
if (u && u->kind == TY_PTR) {
via_ptr = 1;
u = u->sub;
if (u && u->kind == TY_NAMED) u = u->under;
}
/* slice/str pseudo-field write (.ptr/.len/.cap) */
if (u && (u->kind == TY_SLICE || u->kind == TY_STR)) {
const char *fld = n->lhs->str;
int delta = -1;
if (strcmp(fld, "ptr") == 0) delta = 0;
else if (strcmp(fld, "len") == 0) delta = 8;
else if (strcmp(fld, "cap") == 0) delta = 16;
if (delta < 0) goto after_dot_assign;
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
if (n->op != TK_ASSIGN) {
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, delta), areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff + delta), areg(D_BX));
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
}
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (n->op != TK_ASSIGN) {
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ: ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_MINUSEQ:
/* old in BX, rhs in AX; want AX = old-rhs.
* SUBQ src,dst is dst -= src in Plan 9. */
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
break;
default: break;
}
}
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, delta));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, boff + delta));
}
break;
}
after_dot_assign:
if (u && u->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
/* find field metadata */
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = u->fields; fl; fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name, n->lhs->str) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
if (f == NULL) break;
/* Tagged-union field: synthesise tag and store
* value bytes. Compound ops on tagged fields are
* not meaningful, so only plain `=` is wired.
* Three base shapes:
* - via_ptr: base is *struct local; address
* pre-loaded into BX. Buggy with a str
* variant since cgexpr will overwrite BX,
* but matches the existing pre-global
* behaviour.
* - is_global: struct global. LEAQ after
* cgexpr drops the slot address into CX
* without touching AX/BX, so str variants
* work cleanly.
* - else: struct local, BP-relative. */
Type *ft = f->type;
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ft->under : ft;
/* Tagged-union field — full slot rewrite via the
* shared widener so every rhs shape (whole-tagged
* ident or expr with tag-remap, concrete-variant
* widening of str/slice/struct/scalar/void) lands
* the right tag + payload bytes. The pre-#26
* branch synthesised a single tag from
* cg_tag_for_variant and stored only AX at +8, so
* whole-tagged rhs (vt == fu, no concrete tag)
* silently wrote tag 0 and dropped trailing words.
* cg_widen_tagged_store handles every shape by
* branching on the source's resolved type. */
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_TAGGED
&& n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
int is_global = (boff == 0 && !via_ptr
&& let_islet(base->str));
int foff = (int)f->offset;
int fsz = (int)fu->size;
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, boff),
areg(D_BX));
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, &locals,
fu, n->rhs, D_BX, foff, fsz);
} else if (is_global) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_BX));
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, &locals,
fu, n->rhs, D_BX, foff, fsz);
} else {
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, &locals,
fu, n->rhs, D_BP,
boff + foff, fsz);
}
break;
}
int fsz = (int)(f->type ? f->type->size : 8);
int load_op = fldloadop(f->type, fsz);
int store_op = fldstoreop(f->type, fsz);
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
int is_global = (boff == 0 && !via_ptr
&& let_islet(base->str));
int foff = (int)f->offset;
/* str-typed field: rhs cgexpr leaves (AX=ptr, BX=len);
* store both halves at field+0 and field+8. The 8/16
* trailing-padding bytes are left untouched, which
* matches the let-init shape elsewhere in cgen. Only
* plain `=` is wired; compound on a str field is not
* meaningful. */
Type *str_fu = (f->type && f->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? f->type->under : f->type;
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN && str_fu && str_fu->kind == TY_STR) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_CX, foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_CX, foff + 8));
} else if (is_global) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_CX, foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_CX, foff + 8));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + 8));
}
break;
}
/* slice-typed field: rhs cgexpr leaves (AX=ptr,
* BX=len, CX=cap); store all three at
* field+0/+8/+16. Address scratch must dodge CX
* (holds cap), so via_ptr/is_global stage the
* struct base in DX. Without this branch the
* generic store_op below writes only AX, silently
* dropping .len and .cap. */
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN && str_fu && str_fu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_DX, foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_DX, foff + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_DX, foff + 16));
} else if (is_global) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str), areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_DX, foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_DX, foff + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_DX, foff + 16));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + 16));
}
break;
}
/* struct-typed field, three rhs shapes:
* - N_IDENT: word-copy from the rhs slot directly
* onto the destination field. cgexpr cannot
* materialise a whole struct value in registers
* for an arbitrary local, so we read field words
* straight from the source slot.
* - N_CALL (added with #5): cgexpr leaves the value
* in AX/DX/CX per #4's cgreturn ABI; sized stores
* write only the declared field size — MOVQ for
* full 8B chunks plus MOVL/MOVW/MOVB tail. See
* the N_LET receive site for the ASYMMETRY
* rationale. cgreturn touches only AX/DX/CX, so
* BX stays free for the dst-addr load after the
* call.
* - N_STRUCTLIT (added with #5): field-by-field
* store; for via_ptr/is_global the dst base addr
* is reloaded into BX before each store so cgexpr
* can clobber AX/BX between fields. */
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN && str_fu
&& str_fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& (int)str_fu->size <= 24
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_CALL
&& (str_fu->size % 8 == 0
|| str_fu->size % 8 == 1
|| str_fu->size % 8 == 2
|| str_fu->size % 8 == 4)) {
int ssz = (int)str_fu->size;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
int regs[3] = { D_AX, D_DX, D_CX };
int full = ssz / 8;
int tail = ssz % 8;
int base_reg, base_disp;
if (via_ptr || is_global) {
if (via_ptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, boff),
areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_BX));
base_reg = D_BX;
base_disp = foff;
} else {
base_reg = D_BP;
base_disp = boff + foff;
}
for (int i = 0; i < full; i++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(regs[i]),
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + i * 8));
if (tail > 0) {
int op = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 2) ? A_MOVW
: A_MOVB;
ins2(c, op, areg(regs[full]),
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + full * 8));
}
break;
}
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN && str_fu
&& str_fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
/* Delegate to the shared structlit fill
* helper. For via_ptr/is_global, helper
* reloads BX before zero-fill loop + each
* field store. For local BP-rel, helper
* stores direct off BP. AND nested struct-
* typed structlit values recurse instead
* of silently dropping trailing bytes
* (#18 fix). */
int mode = via_ptr ? DST_PTR_LOCAL
: is_global ? DST_GLOBAL : DST_BP;
int disp = (mode == DST_BP)
? (boff + foff) : foff;
cg_structlit_fill(c, &locals, str_fu,
n->rhs, mode, boff,
is_global ? base->str : NULL, disp);
break;
}
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN && str_fu
&& str_fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_IDENT
&& localfind(locals, n->rhs->str) != 0) {
int soff = localfind(locals, n->rhs->str);
int ssz = (int)str_fu->size;
if (via_ptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
else if (is_global)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str), areg(D_BX));
int k = 0;
while (k + 8 <= ssz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, soff + k), areg(D_AX));
if (via_ptr || is_global)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, foff + k));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + k));
k += 8;
}
if (k < ssz) {
int tail = ssz - k;
int lop = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 1 ? A_MOVB : A_MOVQ);
ins2(c, lop, amem(D_BP, soff + k), areg(D_AX));
if (via_ptr || is_global)
ins2(c, lop, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, foff + k));
else
ins2(c, lop, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff + k));
}
break;
}
/* compound: load current value into BX */
if (n->op != TK_ASSIGN) {
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_BX, foff), areg(D_BX));
} else if (is_global) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_BX, foff), areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_BP, boff + foff), areg(D_BX));
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
}
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* AX = rhs */
if (n->op != TK_ASSIGN) {
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ: ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_MINUSEQ:
/* old in BX, rhs in AX; want AX=old-rhs */
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
break;
default: break; /* others rare */
}
}
/* f64/f32 field, plain `=`: cgexpr left the value in
* X0, not AX. Route the store via MOVSD/MOVSS.
* Compound ops on float fields aren't wired here —
* see CLAUDE.md #8 in examples/lisp; same in the
* structlit-init path below. */
int b_isf32 = 0;
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN
&& fld_isfloat(f->type, &b_isf32)) {
int mov = b_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_BX, foff));
} else if (is_global) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_BX, foff));
} else {
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BP, boff + foff));
}
break;
}
/* now store AX into target */
if (via_ptr) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, foff));
} else if (is_global) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, foff));
} else {
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, boff + foff));
}
break;
}
}
/* `arr[i].field = v`: N_DOT lhs whose lhs is N_INDEX. Symmetric
* write-side of the cgdot N_INDEX-lhs branch. Compute &arr[i]
* inline (LEAQ for `[N]Struct`, MOVQ-load for `[N]*Struct` /
* `[]Struct` / `*Struct`), deref once when the element is
* `*Struct`, then store rhs at `field.offset(addr)`. The
* chained-pointer-field branch below catches `[N]*Struct`
* writes via its `!= N_IDENT` guard, but `[N]Struct` value-arrays
* fall through and silently drop the store. Placed before the
* `!= N_IDENT` branch so both shapes share one path. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->lhs->lhs
&& n->lhs->lhs->kind == N_INDEX) {
Node *idxbase = n->lhs->lhs->lhs;
Node *idx = n->lhs->lhs->rhs;
if (idxbase && idxbase->kind == N_IDENT && idx) {
Type *elemt = n->lhs->lhs->type;
Type *elemu = (elemt && elemt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? elemt->under : elemt;
Type *struct_t = NULL;
int viaptr = 0;
if (elemu && elemu->kind == TY_PTR) {
Type *inner = elemu->sub;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_NAMED)
inner = inner->under;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
struct_t = inner;
viaptr = 1;
}
} else if (elemu && elemu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
struct_t = elemu;
}
if (struct_t) {
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = struct_t->fields; fl;
fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name,
n->lhs->str) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
Type *bt = idxbase->type;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? bt->under : bt;
int is_arr = bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY;
int is_sl = bu && bu->kind == TY_SLICE;
int is_ptr = bu && bu->kind == TY_PTR;
int off = localfind(locals, idxbase->str);
if (f != NULL && (is_arr || is_sl || is_ptr)
&& off != 0) {
Type *ft = f->type;
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ft->under : ft;
int fsz = (int)(ft ? ft->size : 8);
int store_op = fldstoreop(ft, fsz);
int foff = (int)f->offset;
int esz = (int)elemt->size;
int h_isf32 = 0;
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN
&& fld_isfloat(ft, &h_isf32)) {
int mov = h_isf32
? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8),
areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_SP, 0));
cgexpr(c, idx, locals);
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
aimm(esz),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
}
if (is_arr)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ,
areg(D_AX),
areg(D_BX));
if (viaptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, 0),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, mov,
amem(D_SP, 0),
areg(D_X0));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8),
areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BX, foff));
break;
}
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN
&& fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
/* str rhs: AX=ptr, BX=len.
* Stash both, compute addr
* in CX so the pop pair
* restores AX/BX cleanly. */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ,
areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ,
areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, idx, locals);
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
aimm(esz),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
}
if (is_arr)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_CX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ,
areg(D_AX),
areg(D_CX));
if (viaptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_CX, 0),
areg(D_CX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ,
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ,
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
areg(D_BX),
amem(D_CX, foff + 8));
break;
}
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ,
areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, idx, locals);
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
aimm(esz),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
}
if (is_arr)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ,
areg(D_AX),
areg(D_BX));
if (viaptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, 0),
areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ,
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, store_op,
areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, foff));
break;
}
/* compound: rhs→push; compute
* struct addr→BX (deref if *T);
* push addr; load old field→AX;
* pop addr→BX, rhs→CX; combine;
* store. Float/str compound
* not wired. */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, idx, locals);
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
aimm(esz),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
}
if (is_arr)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_BX));
if (viaptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, 0),
areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
int load_op = fldloadop(ft, fsz);
ins2(c, load_op,
amem(D_BX, foff),
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ:
ins2(c, A_ADDQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_MINUSEQ:
ins2(c, A_SUBQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_STAREQ:
ins2(c, A_IMULQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_AMPEQ:
ins2(c, A_ANDQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_PIPEEQ:
ins2(c, A_ORQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_CARETEQ:
ins2(c, A_XORQ,
areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
break;
default: break;
}
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, foff));
break;
}
}
}
}
/* Chained `<expr>.field = v` where <expr> evaluates to a *struct.
* cgexpr on the inner expression already returns the pointer;
* we then store at (ptr + field.offset). Without this, only the
* single-level N_IDENT base above is wired and shapes like
* `r.sym.flag = 1` (where r.sym: *T) silently emit no store —
* the read still works because the chained-N_DOT read path is
* wired below. (This was trap 1 of the cgen miscompilations.) */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->lhs->lhs
&& n->lhs->lhs->kind != N_IDENT) {
Type *bt = n->lhs->lhs->type;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_PTR && bu->sub) {
Type *inner = bu->sub;
if (inner->kind == TY_NAMED) inner = inner->under;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = inner->fields; fl; fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name, n->lhs->str) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
if (f != NULL) {
Type *ft = f->type;
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ft->under : ft;
int fsz = (int)(ft ? ft->size : 8);
int store_op = fldstoreop(ft, fsz);
int foff = (int)f->offset;
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
int c_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(ft, &c_isf32)) {
/* f64/f32 chained-store: cgexpr rhs
* left the value in X0. Spill to stack
* so cgexpr on the inner pointer can
* use AX, then reload into X0 and
* MOVSD/MOVSS into the slot. */
int mov = c_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_SP, 0));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, mov, amem(D_SP, 0),
areg(D_X0));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BX, foff));
break;
}
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
/* str rhs: (AX=ptr, BX=len). Stash
* both, then load the struct ptr
* into CX and write both halves. */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_CX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_CX, foff + 8));
} else {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, foff));
}
break;
}
/* compound op: AX=rhs → push; eval ptr → push;
* load old field → AX; pop ptr→BX, rhs→CX;
* combine; store. Float/str compound on a
* chained pointer-field is not wired. */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
int load_op = fldloadop(ft, fsz);
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_AX, foff),
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ:
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_MINUSEQ:
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_STAREQ:
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_AMPEQ:
ins2(c, A_ANDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_PIPEEQ:
ins2(c, A_ORQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
case TK_CARETEQ:
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
default: break;
}
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, foff));
break;
}
}
}
}
/* Chained `<chain>.field = v` where <chain> spans value-struct
* dots ending at a root ident — `o.i.a = 10`, `v.a.b.c = …`.
* Also handles a slice/str pseudo-field leaf (`b.buf.len = 5`):
* spine walks down to the slice/str header, then the +0/+8/+16
* delta selects ptr/len/cap. Sibling of the chained-pointer-
* field branch above; without this the LHS is silently dropped
* (the existing 1-deep branch only fires for `ident.field = …`).
* Only plain `=` is wired — compound on a chained value-struct
* field is rare and stays unhandled. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->lhs->lhs
&& n->lhs->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
struct { Type *pu; const char *name; } steps[16];
int nsteps = 0;
int ptr_root = 0;
Node *cur = n->lhs;
int abort = 0;
while (cur && cur->kind == N_DOT && cur->lhs) {
Type *pt = cur->lhs->type;
Type *pu = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? pt->under : pt;
if (!pu) { abort = 1; break; }
if (cur == n->lhs && (pu->kind == TY_SLICE
|| pu->kind == TY_STR)) {
/* leaf pseudo-field on slice/str header */
} else if (pu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
/* value-struct hop */
} else if (pu->kind == TY_PTR && pu->sub
&& cur->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
/* `*T` root: dereference at emit time;
* walk through pointee struct fields.
* Last-hop only (root is a bare ident). */
Type *sub = (pu->sub->kind == TY_NAMED)
? pu->sub->under : pu->sub;
if (sub && sub->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
pu = sub;
ptr_root = 1;
} else {
abort = 1;
break;
}
} else {
abort = 1;
break;
}
if (nsteps >= 16) { abort = 1; break; }
steps[nsteps].pu = pu;
steps[nsteps].name = cur->str;
nsteps++;
cur = cur->lhs;
}
if (!abort && cur && cur->kind == N_IDENT
&& nsteps > 0) {
int total_off = 0;
Type *leaf_type = NULL;
int slice_delta = -1;
int ok = 1;
for (int i = nsteps - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
Type *pu = steps[i].pu;
if (pu->kind == TY_SLICE
|| pu->kind == TY_STR) {
if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "ptr") == 0)
slice_delta = 0;
else if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "len") == 0)
slice_delta = 8;
else if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "cap") == 0)
slice_delta = 16;
else { ok = 0; break; }
} else {
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = pu->fields; fl; fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name, steps[i].name) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
if (!f) { ok = 0; break; }
total_off += (int)f->offset;
leaf_type = f->type;
}
}
if (ok) {
int root_off = localfind(locals, cur->str);
int base_disp = root_off;
int is_global = 0;
int root_resolved = (root_off != 0);
if (!root_resolved && let_islet(cur->str)) {
root_resolved = 1;
is_global = 1;
}
if (root_resolved) {
/* `*T` root and global both store via CX as
* the base register; only the loader differs
* (LEAQ name(SB) vs MOVQ off(BP)). Compute it
* AFTER cgexpr(rhs) so AX/BX/X0 stay intact. */
int via_cx = is_global || ptr_root;
if (slice_delta >= 0) {
/* slice/str pseudo-field store. .ptr writes
* 8 bytes; .len / .cap write 8 bytes each
* (matches the existing N_IDENT pseudo-
* field branch). */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (via_cx) {
if (ptr_root)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_CX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, total_off + slice_delta));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off + slice_delta));
}
break;
}
Type *fu = (leaf_type
&& leaf_type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? leaf_type->under : leaf_type;
int fsz = (int)(leaf_type
? leaf_type->size : 8);
int store_op = fldstoreop(leaf_type, fsz);
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (via_cx) {
if (ptr_root)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_CX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, total_off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_CX, total_off + 8));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off + 8));
}
break;
}
/* TY_STRUCT terminal in the chained-DOT walker:
* three rhs shapes — mirror of the single-dot
* branch.
* - N_IDENT: word-copy from rhs local slot.
* - N_CALL (added with #5): cgexpr → AX/DX/CX
* per #4's cgreturn ABI; sized stores per
* declared field size. cgreturn touches only
* AX/DX/CX so via_cx loads the dst addr into
* BX (not CX) after the call to keep CX as
* the third value word.
* - N_STRUCTLIT (added with #5): field-by-field
* store; via_cx reloads BX before each store
* so cgexpr can clobber AX/BX between fields.
*/
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& fsz <= 24
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_CALL
&& (fsz % 8 == 0 || fsz % 8 == 1
|| fsz % 8 == 2 || fsz % 8 == 4)) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
int regs[3] = { D_AX, D_DX, D_CX };
int full = fsz / 8;
int tail = fsz % 8;
int base_reg, base_off;
if (via_cx) {
if (ptr_root)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str),
areg(D_BX));
base_reg = D_BX;
base_off = total_off;
} else {
base_reg = D_BP;
base_off = base_disp + total_off;
}
for (int i = 0; i < full; i++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(regs[i]),
amem(base_reg,
base_off + i * 8));
if (tail > 0) {
int op = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 2) ? A_MOVW
: A_MOVB;
ins2(c, op, areg(regs[full]),
amem(base_reg,
base_off + full * 8));
}
break;
}
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
/* Delegate to the shared structlit fill
* helper. For via_cx (ptr_root | is_global),
* helper reloads BX before zero-fill loop +
* each field store. For local through chain,
* helper stores direct off BP. AND nested
* struct-typed structlit values recurse
* instead of silently dropping trailing
* bytes (#18 fix). */
int dst_mode = ptr_root ? DST_PTR_LOCAL
: is_global ? DST_GLOBAL : DST_BP;
int dst_disp = (dst_mode == DST_BP)
? (base_disp + total_off) : total_off;
cg_structlit_fill(c, &locals, fu,
n->rhs, dst_mode, base_disp,
is_global ? cur->str : NULL,
dst_disp);
break;
}
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_IDENT
&& localfind(locals, n->rhs->str) != 0) {
int soff = localfind(locals, n->rhs->str);
int ssz = fsz;
if (via_cx) {
if (ptr_root)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_CX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str),
areg(D_CX));
}
int k = 0;
while (k + 8 <= ssz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, soff + k),
areg(D_AX));
if (via_cx)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, total_off + k));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off + k));
k += 8;
}
if (k < ssz) {
int tail = ssz - k;
int lop = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 1 ? A_MOVB : A_MOVQ);
ins2(c, lop,
amem(D_BP, soff + k),
areg(D_AX));
if (via_cx)
ins2(c, lop, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, total_off + k));
else
ins2(c, lop, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off + k));
}
break;
}
int sf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(leaf_type, &sf32)) {
int mov = sf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (via_cx) {
if (ptr_root)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_CX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_CX, total_off));
} else {
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off));
}
break;
}
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (via_cx) {
if (ptr_root)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_CX));
else
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, total_off));
} else {
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base_disp + total_off));
}
break;
}
}
}
}
/* float assignment to a local or top-level global. Globals
* route through LEAQ+indirect (no D_EXTERN SSE in w6a).
* Compound (`acc += d` etc.) loads slot into X1, combines
* into X1 (Plan 9 syntax: OP src, dst), stores X1 back —
* w6a's ADDSD/SUBSD/MULSD/DIVSD are register-register only,
* so we can't use a direct mem-form like the integer ADDQ. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && node_isfloat(n)) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* X0 */
int mvop = op_for(n, A_MOVSD, A_MOVSS);
int addop = op_for(n, A_ADDSD, A_ADDSS);
int subop = op_for(n, A_SUBSD, A_SUBSS);
int mulop = op_for(n, A_MULSD, A_MULSS);
int divop = op_for(n, A_DIVSD, A_DIVSS);
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
int isglobal = (off == 0) && let_islet(n->lhs->str);
if (off == 0 && !isglobal) break;
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
if (off != 0) {
ins2(c, mvop, areg(D_X0), amem(D_BP, off));
} else {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, mvop, areg(D_X0), amem(D_CX, 0));
}
break;
}
/* Compound: X1 = load; X1 OP= X0; store X1. */
int fop = -1;
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ: fop = addop; break;
case TK_MINUSEQ: fop = subop; break;
case TK_STAREQ: fop = mulop; break;
case TK_SLASHEQ: fop = divop; break;
default: break;
}
if (off != 0) {
if (fop < 0) {
/* Unsupported compound (e.g., %= on float):
* fall back to plain store of rhs. */
ins2(c, mvop, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BP, off));
break;
}
ins2(c, mvop, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, fop, areg(D_X0), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, mvop, areg(D_X1), amem(D_BP, off));
} else {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_CX));
if (fop < 0) {
ins2(c, mvop, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_CX, 0));
break;
}
ins2(c, mvop, amem(D_CX, 0), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, fop, areg(D_X0), areg(D_X1));
ins2(c, mvop, areg(D_X1), amem(D_CX, 0));
}
break;
}
/* arr[i] = v store. Base may be a simple ident (array/slice/
* ptr local) or a more complex expression like s.ptr where
* s: *[]u8. We compute the base address, scale the index by
* elem size, and store with the right size. */
if (n->lhs->kind == N_INDEX && n->lhs->lhs) {
Node *base = n->lhs->lhs;
Type *bt = base->type;
Type *u = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
int is_arr = u && u->kind == TY_ARRAY;
int is_sl = u && u->kind == TY_SLICE;
int is_ptr = u && u->kind == TY_PTR;
/* For `*[N]T` drill through to the array so esz reflects
* T, not sizeof(array). Base load still uses u (MOVQ
* because is_ptr stays true). */
Type *eff = idx_eff(bt);
int esz = (eff && eff->sub) ? (int)eff->sub->size : 1;
int elem_is_str = eff && eff->sub && type_isstr(eff->sub);
Type *esub = eff ? eff->sub : NULL;
Type *esubu = (esub && esub->kind == TY_NAMED)
? esub->under : esub;
int elem_tagged = esubu && esubu->kind == TY_TAGGED;
/* Tagged-union element: route widening through a
* scratch slot, then copy slot bytes to &arr[i].
* Materialising into the scratch first lets us reuse
* the full cg_widen_tagged_store machinery — scalar /
* str / struct / subset payloads, tag remap, nullable
* fold — without duplicating it. The scratch lives in
* the function frame; no cleanup needed. */
if ((is_arr || is_sl || is_ptr) && elem_tagged) {
int ssz = esz;
int scr;
if (cg_tagscr != 0) {
if (ssz > cg_tagscr_sz)
fatal("N_INDEX tagged: "
"@tagscr cached sz %d, "
"need %d (per-fn slot "
"growth needs scanlocals "
"pre-pass — STATUS-4 #26c "
"follow-up)",
cg_tagscr_sz, ssz);
scr = cg_tagscr;
} else {
scr = local_alloc(c, &locals,
"@tagscr", ssz, cg_frame);
cg_tagscr = scr;
cg_tagscr_sz = ssz;
}
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
for (int k = 0; k < ssz; k += 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + k));
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, &locals, esubu,
n->rhs, D_BP, scr, ssz);
/* Compute &arr[i] → BX. */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->rhs, locals);
if (ssz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(ssz), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
}
if (base->kind == N_IDENT && is_arr) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, boff),
areg(D_BX));
} else if (base->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff),
areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, base, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
}
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
/* Copy scratch slot → dest. */
for (int k = 0; k < ssz; k += 8) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, scr + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, k));
}
break;
}
if (is_arr || is_sl || is_ptr) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* AX (and BX if str) */
/* str element: also stash len so we can store both */
if (elem_is_str)
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->rhs, locals); /* idx → AX */
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* scaled idx */
/* base address → BX. Top-level array → LEAQ
* name(SB); top-level ptr → MOVQ name(SB); locals
* route off BP. */
if (base->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, base->str);
int isglobal = (off == 0) &&
let_islet(base->str);
if (isglobal && is_arr) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_BX));
} else if (isglobal) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_BX));
} else if (is_arr) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off),
areg(D_BX));
}
} else {
cgexpr(c, base, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
}
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX)); /* scaled idx */
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX)); /* value (ptr if str) */
if (elem_is_str) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BX, 8));
break;
}
int store_op = fldstoreop(esub, esz);
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
break;
}
}
/* Plain `r = expr;` where r is a tagged-union local.
* Delegates to cg_widen_tagged_store: covers nullable fold,
* tagged→tagged (with tag remap), struct payload (ident or
* literal), str payload, and scalar payload. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->op == TK_ASSIGN
&& n->lhs->type) {
Type *lt = n->lhs->type;
Type *lu = (lt && lt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? lt->under : lt;
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off == 0) break;
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, &locals, lu, n->rhs,
D_BP, off, (int)lu->size);
break;
}
}
/* Deref-target assignment `*p = v;`. The size of the store is
* determined by the type *p points at; the pointer expression
* is evaluated after the value so we don't need to spill BX. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_UN && n->lhs->op == TK_STAR
&& n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
Type *pt = n->lhs->lhs ? n->lhs->lhs->type : NULL;
Type *pu = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? pt->under : pt;
Type *vt = (pu && pu->kind == TY_PTR) ? pu->sub : NULL;
if (vt && vt->kind == TY_NAMED) vt = vt->under;
/* `*p = v` for *f64 / *f32: cgexpr leaves the value in X0,
* not AX. Spill X0 to the stack, evaluate the pointer
* (clobbers AX/BX freely), then reload X0 and MOVSD/MOVSS
* through the pointer. */
int deref_isf32 = 0;
if (vt && fld_isfloat(vt, &deref_isf32)) {
int mov = deref_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_SP, 0));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, mov, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_X0));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_BX, 0));
break;
}
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* AX = value (BX too if str) */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
if (vt && vt->kind == TY_STR) ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals); /* AX = pointer */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
if (vt && vt->kind == TY_STR) {
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX)); /* len */
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX)); /* ptr */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BX, 8));
} else {
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
int sz = vt ? (int)vt->size : 8;
int store_op = fldstoreop(vt, sz);
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
}
break;
}
/* `*p OP= v` — compound assign through a pointer deref. The
* plain-assign branch above only fires for TK_ASSIGN; without
* this, compound ops fall through the switch and emit nothing
* (silent no-op). Evaluate rhs → save, evaluate ptr → BX, load
* *BX (sized + extended), combine with rhs in CX, sized store
* back. Scalar deref targets only — float and aggregate deref
* compounds (rare) still fall through. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_UN && n->lhs->op == TK_STAR
&& n->op != TK_ASSIGN) {
Type *pt = n->lhs->lhs ? n->lhs->lhs->type : NULL;
Type *pu = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? pt->under : pt;
Type *vt = (pu && pu->kind == TY_PTR) ? pu->sub : NULL;
if (vt && vt->kind == TY_NAMED) vt = vt->under;
int sz = vt ? (int)vt->size : 8;
int load_op = fldloadop(vt, sz);
int store_op = fldstoreop(vt, sz);
int handled = (sz == 1 || sz == 2 || sz == 4 || sz == 8);
if (handled) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* AX = rhs */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->lhs, locals); /* AX = ptr */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ: ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_MINUSEQ: ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_STAREQ: ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_AMPEQ: ins2(c, A_ANDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_PIPEEQ: ins2(c, A_ORQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_CARETEQ: ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_LSHIFTEQ: ins2(c, A_SHLQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_RSHIFTEQ: ins2(c, A_SHRQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); break;
case TK_SLASHEQ:
case TK_PERCENTEQ: {
int unsignd = (vt && type_isunsigned(vt))
|| (n->rhs && type_isunsigned(n->rhs->type));
if (unsignd)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DX));
else
ins0(c, A_CQO);
ins1(c, unsignd ? A_DIVQ : A_IDIVQ, areg(D_CX));
if (n->op == TK_PERCENTEQ)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
default:
/* unknown compound: legacy fallback —
* store rhs only. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
break;
}
}
/* Plain `name = strexpr;` for a str-typed local. cgexpr leaves
* (AX=ptr, BX=len); store both halves at off+0 and off+8.
* Mirrors the let-init shape so reassignment doesn't truncate.
* Top-level str globals follow the same shape but go through
* &name(SB) since the asm has no `name+8(SB)` operand form. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->op == TK_ASSIGN
&& n->lhs->type) {
Type *lt = n->lhs->type;
Type *lu = (lt && lt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? lt->under : lt;
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_STR) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off != 0) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
break;
}
if (let_islet(n->lhs->str)) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_CX, 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_CX, 8));
break;
}
break;
}
/* Slice reassignment: cgexpr produces (AX=ptr, BX=len,
* CX=cap). Store all three at off+0/+8/+16 (local) or
* via &name(SB) → DI scratch (global — CX holds the
* cap, so we need a different address register). */
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off != 0) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, off + 16));
break;
}
if (let_islet(n->lhs->str)) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_CX, 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_CX, 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DI), amem(D_CX, 16));
break;
}
break;
}
/* sret receive (#23): `s = f();` where s is a struct
* local >24B. s's slot IS the caller-prealloc dest;
* the callee writes through hidden RDI. Mirrors the
* cglet branch above. */
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_STRUCT && (int)lu->size > 24
&& n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_CALL
&& n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off != 0) {
cg_sret_dest_off = off;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
cg_sret_dest_off = 0;
break;
}
}
/* Struct local reassignment: `s = expr;` where s is
* a TY_STRUCT local of size <=24B. Two rhs shapes,
* mirroring cglet's N_STRUCTLIT and the call-result
* branch above:
* - N_STRUCTLIT: walk fields, store at off+foff
* directly (same shape as the let-init branch).
* - N_CALL: cgexpr → AX/DX/CX, sized stores per the
* same ASYMMETRY rules documented at the N_LET
* receive site (MOVQ for full 8B chunks plus
* MOVL/MOVW/MOVB tail). The struct-IDENT word-copy
* rhs shape (s = p) is left unwired; #5 is scoped to
* the receive side of #4's cgreturn (calls + literals).
* Sizes >24B and non-{0,1,2,4}-byte tails fall through
* to the existing scalar path. */
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& (int)lu->size <= 24) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off != 0) {
int sz = (int)lu->size;
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
/* Delegate to the shared BP-relative
* structlit fill helper. Handles
* TK_ELLIPSIS autofill, tagged fields,
* float/scalar stores, AND nested
* struct-typed structlit values via
* recursion (#17 silent-zero fix). */
cg_structlit_fill_bp(c, &locals, lu,
n->rhs, off);
break;
}
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_CALL
&& (sz % 8 == 0 || sz % 8 == 1
|| sz % 8 == 2
|| sz % 8 == 4)) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
int regs[3] = { D_AX, D_DX, D_CX };
int full = sz / 8;
int tail = sz % 8;
for (int i = 0; i < full; i++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(regs[i]),
amem(D_BP, off + i * 8));
if (tail > 0) {
int op = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 2) ? A_MOVW
: A_MOVB;
ins2(c, op, areg(regs[full]),
amem(D_BP, off + full * 8));
}
break;
}
}
}
}
if (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off == 0) {
/* Top-level let target — RIP-relative store
* (or load→combine→store for compound). Names
* we don't recognise as scalar lets fall through
* to the existing drop behaviour, which produces
* a clean link-time undefined-symbol error if
* the binding was ever supposed to exist. */
if (!let_islet(n->lhs->str)) break;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
masym(c, n->lhs->str));
break;
}
/* Compound: BX = load; combine with AX; store
* BX. The asm has no RIP-relative ADDQ/SUBQ
* mem-form, so we use the explicit load→
* combine→store sequence uniformly. Narrow
* lets go through LEAQ + indirect load with
* localloadop so a prior `*(&letname): *iN`
* deref-store doesn't leave stale upper bytes
* in the read. */
int glop = localloadop(n->lhs->type);
if (glop == A_MOVQ) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_BX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, glop, amem(D_CX, 0),
areg(D_BX));
}
int did_compound = 1;
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ: ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_MINUSEQ: ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_STAREQ: ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_AMPEQ: ins2(c, A_ANDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_PIPEEQ: ins2(c, A_ORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_CARETEQ: ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_LSHIFTEQ:
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_SHLQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
break;
case TK_RSHIFTEQ:
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_SHRQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
break;
case TK_SLASHEQ:
case TK_PERCENTEQ: {
/* Sister site of the IDENT-local path
* below. Park rhs (AX) in CX, slot value
* (BX) into AX, CQO sign-extend (or
* MOVQ $0, DX zero-extend), IDIVQ (or
* DIVQ) CX, ferry AX (quotient) or DX
* (remainder) back to BX for the shared
* store-BX tail. */
int unsignd = (n->lhs && type_isunsigned(n->lhs->type))
|| (n->rhs && type_isunsigned(n->rhs->type));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
if (unsignd)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DX));
else
ins0(c, A_CQO);
ins1(c, unsignd ? A_DIVQ : A_IDIVQ, areg(D_CX));
if (n->op == TK_SLASHEQ)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
default:
/* unknown compound: legacy fallback —
* store rhs only. */
did_compound = 0;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
masym(c, n->lhs->str));
break;
}
if (did_compound)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
masym(c, n->lhs->str));
break;
}
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (n->op == TK_ASSIGN) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
break;
}
/* Compound: load → combine into BX → store. The two
* direct mem-form combines (ADDQ/SUBQ) are kept for
* the simple cases; the rest go through the generic
* register form. Signed-narrow slots take the explicit
* load-combine-store path so the load can sign-extend
* through localloadop — ADDQ/SUBQ on amem would read
* the raw 8B, which is wrong when the slot was last
* written by a 4B deref-store. */
int lop = localloadop(n->lhs->type);
if (lop == A_MOVQ && n->op == TK_PLUSEQ) {
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
break;
}
if (lop == A_MOVQ && n->op == TK_MINUSEQ) {
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
break;
}
ins2(c, lop, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
switch (n->op) {
case TK_PLUSEQ: ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_MINUSEQ: ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_STAREQ: ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_AMPEQ: ins2(c, A_ANDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_PIPEEQ: ins2(c, A_ORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_CARETEQ: ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); break;
case TK_LSHIFTEQ:
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_SHLQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
break;
case TK_RSHIFTEQ:
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_SHRQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
break;
case TK_SLASHEQ:
case TK_PERCENTEQ: {
/* IDIV/DIV needs dividend in RDX:RAX, divisor
* in a GPR. Park rhs (currently AX) in CX, move
* slot value (BX) into AX, sign- or zero-extend
* into RDX:RAX, divide, then ferry the quotient
* (AX) or remainder (DX) back into BX for the
* shared store-BX-to-slot tail below. Post-#16:
* CQO is now in the assembler. */
int unsignd = (n->lhs && type_isunsigned(n->lhs->type))
|| (n->rhs && type_isunsigned(n->rhs->type));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
if (unsignd)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DX));
else
ins0(c, A_CQO);
ins1(c, unsignd ? A_DIVQ : A_IDIVQ, areg(D_CX));
if (n->op == TK_SLASHEQ)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
default:
/* unknown: just store rhs (legacy fallback) */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
goto skip_assign_store;
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off));
skip_assign_store: ;
}
break;
}
case N_CALL: {
/* abort([msg]) — call rt_abort. Empty msg becomes (NULL, 0).
* Only fires when the checker tagged the callee as a builtin
* (lhs->type == ty_err); a user-declared `abort` in scope is
* resolved through the regular call path. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->lhs->str &&
n->lhs->type == ty_err &&
strcmp(n->lhs->str, "abort") == 0) {
if (n->list) {
cgexpr(c, n->list, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_SI));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_SI));
}
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym("rt_abort"));
break;
}
/* assert(cond[, msg]) — if !cond, call rt_abort. Compiles to:
* CMPQ $0, AX
* JNE skip
* <abort body>
* skip: */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->lhs->str &&
n->lhs->type == ty_err &&
strcmp(n->lhs->str, "assert") == 0 && n->list) {
cgexpr(c, n->list, locals);
char *skip = mklabel(c, "as");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(skip));
Node *msg = n->list->next;
if (msg) {
cgexpr(c, msg, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_SI));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_SI));
}
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym("rt_abort"));
label(c, skip);
break;
}
/* Hare-style builtins: len(x) and append(s, v). */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->lhs->str &&
strcmp(n->lhs->str, "len") == 0 && n->list) {
Node *a = n->list;
Type *at = a->type;
Type *u = (at && at->kind == TY_NAMED) ? at->under : at;
if (u && (u->kind == TY_SLICE || u->kind == TY_STR)
&& a->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, a->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_AX));
} else if (u && u->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm((long long)u->alen), areg(D_AX));
} else {
/* fall back: load via .len pseudo-field */
cgexpr(c, a, locals);
}
break;
}
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->lhs->str &&
strcmp(n->lhs->str, "free") == 0 && n->list &&
n->list->next == NULL) {
Node *p = n->list;
Type *pt = p->type;
Type *u = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? pt->under : pt;
if (u && u->kind == TY_PTR && u->sub) {
int sz = (int)u->sub->size;
if (sz == 0) sz = 8;
cgexpr(c, p, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(sz), areg(D_SI));
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym(ffi_resolve("free")));
} else if (u && u->kind == TY_SLICE
&& p->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, p->str);
int esz = (int)(u->sub ? u->sub->size : 1);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 16), areg(D_AX));
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_SI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 0), areg(D_DI));
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym(ffi_resolve("free")));
}
break;
}
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->lhs->str &&
strcmp(n->lhs->str, "alloc") == 0 && n->list) {
/* alloc(value): heap-init a fresh *T with the value's
* bytes. Size comes from the value's static type. */
Node *v = n->list;
Type *t = v->type;
Type *u = (t && t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
Type *def = type_default(t);
int sz = def ? (int)def->size : 8;
if (sz == 0) sz = 8;
/* call os.alloc(sz) */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(sz), areg(D_DI));
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym(ffi_resolve("alloc")));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* save ptr */
if (v->kind == N_STRUCTLIT && u && u->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
for (Node *f = v->list; f; f = f->next) {
u64 foff = 0;
int fsz = 8;
Type *ftype = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = u->fields; fl; fl = fl->next) {
if (strcmp(fl->name, f->str) == 0) {
foff = fl->offset;
fsz = (int)(fl->type ? fl->type->size : 8);
ftype = fl->type;
break;
}
}
cgexpr(c, f->lhs, locals); /* AX or (AX,BX) or X0 */
int f_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(ftype, &f_isf32)) {
int mov = f_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0),
amem(D_BX, (int)foff));
continue;
}
/* str-typed field: cgexpr leaves (AX=ptr, BX=len).
* Route the heap base through CX so both halves
* survive — using BX would clobber len. */
Type *fu = (ftype && ftype->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ftype->under : ftype;
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_CX, (int)foff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_CX, (int)foff + 8));
continue;
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_BX));
int op = A_MOVQ;
if (fsz == 1) op = A_MOVB;
else if (fsz == 4) op = A_MOVL;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, (int)foff));
}
} else {
cgexpr(c, v, locals); /* AX = value */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_BX));
int op = A_MOVQ;
if (sz == 1) op = A_MOVB;
else if (sz == 4) op = A_MOVL;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
}
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX)); /* return the ptr */
break;
}
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->lhs->str &&
strcmp(n->lhs->str, "append") == 0 && n->list &&
n->list->next) {
/* append(s, v) lowering — Hare's rt::ensure model.
* ; AX = value
* ; PUSHQ AX ; save
* ; ADDQ $1, sn_off+8(BP) ; s.len += 1
* ; LEAQ sn_off(BP), DI ; arg1 = &s
* ; MOVQ esz, SI ; arg2 = membsz
* ; CALL rt_ensure(SB) ; may realloc s.ptr
* ; MOVQ sn_off+8(BP), CX ; CX = new len
* ; SUBQ $1, CX ; slot index
* ; [IMULQ esz, CX] ; byte offset (esz>1)
* ; MOVQ sn_off(BP), BX ; reread s.ptr
* ; ADDQ CX, BX ; BX = target
* ; POPQ AX ; v
* ; MOV* AX, (BX) ; store (MOVB / MOVQ)
*
* Spread form `append(s, items...)` runs this same body
* in a counted loop over items. */
Node *sn = n->list;
Type *st = sn->type;
Type *su = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
int esz = (su && su->sub) ? (int)su->sub->size : 1;
Type *esub = su ? su->sub : NULL;
int sn_off = (sn->kind == N_IDENT)
? localfind(locals, sn->str) : 0;
int store_op = fldstoreop(esub, esz);
for (Node *vn = sn->next; vn; vn = vn->next) {
if (vn->kind == N_SPREAD &&
vn->lhs && vn->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int it_off = localfind(locals, vn->lhs->str);
int load_op = fldloadop(esub, esz);
/* push counter (i) on stack */
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), amem(D_SP, 0));
char *ll = mklabel(c, "spr_l");
char *le = mklabel(c, "spr_e");
label(c, ll);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_SP, 0), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, it_off + 8), areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_CX));
ins1(c, A_JGE, abranch(le));
/* AX = items.ptr[i] */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, it_off), areg(D_BX));
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
}
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
/* ensure + store one element */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(1), amem(D_BP, sn_off + 8));
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, sn_off), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_SI));
ins1(c, A_CALL, masym(c, "rt_ensure"));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sn_off + 8), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(1), areg(D_CX));
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sn_off), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
/* loop tail */
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(1), amem(D_SP, 0));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(ll));
label(c, le);
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
continue;
}
cgexpr(c, vn, locals); /* val → AX */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(1), amem(D_BP, sn_off + 8));
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, sn_off), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_SI));
ins1(c, A_CALL, masym(c, "rt_ensure"));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sn_off + 8), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(1), areg(D_CX));
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sn_off), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, store_op, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BX, 0));
}
break;
}
/* up to 6 integer + 8 float args via SysV registers.
* str args occupy two integer eightbytes (ptr, len). The
* arg-buffer cap accommodates Hare-style variadic gather
* (`fmt.println(a, b, c, ...)`) where N args of element
* type T fold into a single []T slice slot below. */
int argcount = 0;
Node *args[64] = {0};
for (Node *a = n->list; a; a = a->next)
if (argcount < 64) args[argcount++] = a;
/* Resolve callee fn-type so we can match each arg against
* its declared parameter type — needed to detect implicit
* widening of a concrete variant into a tagged-union slot. */
Type *callee_t = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
Type *cu = (callee_t && callee_t->kind == TY_NAMED) ?
callee_t->under : callee_t;
Tparam *callee_params = (cu && cu->kind == TY_FN) ?
cu->params : NULL;
/* Hare-style variadic last param: gather N tail args into a
* stack-resident []T or forward an `xs...` spread, then
* splice in a single slice arg so the downstream widen/push/
* pop machinery sees one 24B slice slot for the variadic.
*
* Forward shape: `f(... , xs...)` becomes `f(... , xs)`.
* Gather shape: `f(... , e0, e1, eN)` materialises e0..eN
* into a frame-resident `[N]T` (widening each element when T
* is a tagged union), writes a 24B slice descriptor
* {ptr=&data, len=N, cap=N}, and replaces the tail args with
* an N_IDENT pointing at the descriptor. Empty form
* (`f(...)` with no variadic args) writes {0, 0, 0}. */
{
int nfixed = 0;
Tparam *var_p = NULL;
for (Tparam *p = callee_params; p; p = p->next) {
if (p->variadic) { var_p = p; break; }
nfixed++;
}
if (var_p != NULL) {
int nvar = argcount - nfixed;
if (nvar < 0) nvar = 0;
int forwarding = (nvar == 1 && args[nfixed] &&
args[nfixed]->kind == N_SPREAD);
if (forwarding) {
args[nfixed] = args[nfixed]->lhs;
argcount = nfixed + 1;
} else {
Type *vst = var_p->type;
Type *vsu = (vst && vst->kind == TY_NAMED)
? vst->under : vst;
Type *velem = (vsu && vsu->kind == TY_SLICE)
? vsu->sub : NULL;
int esz = (velem && velem->size)
? (int)velem->size : 8;
/* Allocate dname BEFORE sname so the
* descriptor lives below the element
* buffer, matching the wwstage scanlocals
* reservation order (rule 10). */
int doff = 0;
if (nvar > 0) {
const char *dname = mklabel(c, "vararg_d");
doff = localoff(c, &locals,
dname, nvar * esz, cg_frame);
}
const char *slname = mklabel(c, "vararg_sl");
int sloff = localoff(c, &locals,
slname, 24, cg_frame);
if (nvar > 0) {
int v_is_tagged = velem &&
tagged_arg_size(velem) > 0;
int v_is_str = type_isstr(velem);
int v_is_slice = type_isslice(velem);
for (int j = 0; j < nvar; j++) {
Node *a = args[nfixed + j];
int slot = doff + j * esz;
if (v_is_tagged) {
cg_widen_tagged_store(c,
&locals, velem,
a, D_BP, slot, esz);
continue;
}
cgexpr(c, a, locals);
/* str / slice element: cgexpr
* returns the full descriptor in
* AX/(BX)/(CX); a bare MOVQ AX
* stores .ptr only and the
* trailing fields read stack
* garbage at the callee. */
if (v_is_str) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, slot));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_BP, slot + 8));
continue;
}
if (v_is_slice) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, slot));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_BP, slot + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX),
amem(D_BP, slot + 16));
continue;
}
int op = A_MOVQ;
if (esz == 1) op = A_MOVB;
else if (esz == 4) op = A_MOVL;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, slot));
}
}
if (nvar > 0)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, doff),
areg(D_AX));
else
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, sloff + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(nvar),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, sloff + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, sloff + 16));
Node *sn = newnode(c->a, N_IDENT, n->pos);
sn->str = slname;
sn->strlen = 0;
sn->type = vst;
args[nfixed] = sn;
argcount = nfixed + 1;
}
}
}
/* widen[i]: param is tagged and arg needs re-layout.
* - arg is a concrete variant (str/struct/scalar) — wrap
* in the param's slot shape.
* - arg is itself a tagged union of a subset/different
* variant set — copy the slot words and remap the tag.
* Identical types pass through unchanged. */
int widen[64] = {0};
int widen_sz[64] = {0};
Type *widen_param[64] = {0};
{
Tparam *p = callee_params;
for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
if (p == NULL) break;
Type *at = args[i] ? args[i]->type : NULL;
int psz = tagged_arg_size(p->type);
if (psz > 0) {
Type *pu = (p->type && p->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? p->type->under : p->type;
Type *au = (at && at->kind == TY_NAMED)
? at->under : at;
int same = (pu == au) || type_eq(p->type, at);
if (!same) {
widen[i] = 1;
widen_sz[i] = psz;
widen_param[i] = p->type;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
}
/* eval right-to-left, push to stack. Each N_IDENT fast-path
* is guarded by !widen[i] so the tagged-union widening (which
* needs to synthesise tag + payload + pad) takes precedence
* over the verbatim slice/struct/tagged-ident loads below. */
for (int i = argcount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (!widen[i] && node_isslice(args[i]) && args[i]->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, args[i]->str);
/* push cap, len, ptr (top) so pops give ptr,len,cap */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 16), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
continue;
}
if (!widen[i] && args[i]->kind == N_SLICE) {
Node *base = args[i]->lhs;
Node *lo = args[i]->rhs;
Node *hi = args[i]->cond;
Type *bt = base ? base->type : NULL;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ?
bt->under : bt;
/* base addr → push */
if (base->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
int isglobal = (boff == 0) &&
let_islet(base->str);
if (isglobal && bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_AX));
} else if (isglobal) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_AX));
} else if (bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
cgexpr(c, base, locals);
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
/* hi (default base length) → push */
if (hi) cgexpr(c, hi, locals);
else if (bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY)
cgexpr_int(c, (long long)bu->alen);
else if (base->kind == N_IDENT && bu &&
(bu->kind == TY_SLICE || bu->kind == TY_STR)) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
int isglobal = (boff == 0) &&
let_islet(base->str);
if (isglobal) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_CX, 8), areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff + 8), areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
cgexpr_int(c, 0);
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
/* lo (default 0) → AX */
if (lo) cgexpr(c, lo, locals);
else cgexpr_int(c, 0);
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX)); /* hi */
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX)); /* base */
/* len = hi - lo (DX) */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_DX));
/* ptr = base + lo */
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_CX));
/* push cap, len, ptr (top) */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_DX)); /* cap */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_DX)); /* len */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_CX)); /* ptr */
continue;
}
if (!widen[i] && node_isstructarg(args[i]) && args[i]->kind == N_IDENT) {
/* load qword(s) directly from the struct's slot */
int off = localfind(locals, args[i]->str);
int sz = struct_arg_size(args[i]->type);
if (sz > 8) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + 8), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
continue;
}
if (!widen[i] && node_istaggedarg(args[i]) && args[i]->kind == N_IDENT) {
/* Tagged-union: push each 8B word from the slot.
* High word goes first so the popper drains them
* in low→high order into the arg-register class. */
int off = localfind(locals, args[i]->str);
int sz = tagged_arg_size(args[i]->type);
int nwords = sz / 8;
for (int k = nwords - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + k*8),
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
}
continue;
}
if (widen[i]) {
/* Concrete → tagged-union widening at the call
* site. Mirrors the let/assign/return widening:
* lay out the value in the parameter's slot
* shape, then push high→low so pop drains tag
* first.
*
* Branches by source shape:
* - nullable (sz==8): pointer IS the disc.
* - str: tag@+0, ptr@+8, len@+16.
* - struct ident: copy struct words then
* prepend tag, zero-pad to slot size.
* - struct literal: materialise via a stack
* scratch slot — store each field at its
* struct-relative offset (with the +8 tag
* shift), zero-fill, then push from slot.
* - tagged source: load src slot words, remap
* the tag word via cg_widen_tag_remap, pad
* to wider dst slot, push.
* - scalar: tag@+0, value@+8, optional pad. */
cg_widen_tagged_push(c, &locals, widen_param[i],
args[i], widen_sz[i]);
continue;
}
cgexpr(c, args[i], locals);
if (node_isfloat(args[i])) {
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
ins2(c, A_MOVSD, areg(D_X0), amem(D_SP, 0));
} else if (node_isstr(args[i])) {
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX)); /* len */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* ptr — top */
} else if (node_isslice(args[i])) {
/* Slice-typed arg without a fast path above
* (e.g. `s: []u8` cast): cgexpr left
* (AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=cap). Push the triple. */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_CX)); /* cap */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BX)); /* len */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* ptr — top */
} else if (node_istaggedarg(args[i])) {
/* Tagged-return ABI: AX=tag, DX=val0,
* CX=val1, R8=val2. Push high-to-low so pop
* drains tag first (into arg-reg[0]), then
* values into arg-reg[1..]. Nullable (sz=8):
* AX holds the pointer, no value-word
* registers — push just AX. */
int sz = tagged_arg_size(args[i]->type);
if (sz > 24)
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_R8));
if (sz > 16)
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_CX));
if (sz > 8)
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_DX));
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
}
}
/* sret discipline (#23): callee returns plain TY_STRUCT
* > 24B. Reserve RDI for the hidden dest-pointer arg by
* starting the int-arg cursor at 1 and emit the LEAQ AFTER
* the pop loop (so the pops don't clobber RDI). The dest
* slot is either the receiver's own slot (cg_sret_dest_off,
* propagated from N_LET / N_ASSIGN ident receive) or a
* per-fn @sretscr discard slot. Sized at the receive site
* or here for discards.
*
* Stack alignment is unaffected because pushargsrev/pops
* left RDI free — we never popped a user arg into it. */
int sret_call_sz = 0;
int sret_call_off = 0;
{
Type *ret = (cu && cu->kind == TY_FN)
? cu->ret : NULL;
sret_call_sz = cg_sret_retsize(ret);
}
if (sret_call_sz > 0) {
/* Always pre-allocate @sretscr at the first sret CALL
* regardless of whether cg_sret_dest_off is set — keeps
* cstage's frame in lockstep with wwstage's
* scanlocals-based reservation. Single-slot SSoT (cg_
* sretscr_off) mirrors @retscr / @tagscr conventions. */
if (cg_sretscr_off == 0) {
cg_sretscr_off = local_alloc(c,
&locals, "@sretscr",
sret_call_sz, cg_frame);
cg_sretscr_sz = sret_call_sz;
}
if (cg_sret_dest_off != 0) {
sret_call_off = cg_sret_dest_off;
cg_sret_dest_off = 0;
} else {
sret_call_off = cg_sretscr_off;
}
}
/* pop forward into the right register class. Args that
* don't fit in regs stay on the stack and are reached by
* the callee via positive offsets from BP. The caller is
* responsible for cleaning them up after CALL. */
int ii = (sret_call_sz > 0) ? 1 : 0, fi = 0, stackslots = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
if (widen[i]) {
/* Pop widened tagged slot into arg-register
* class — sized by the parameter's tagged slot,
* not the arg's static type. */
int eb = widen_sz[i] / 8;
for (int k = 0; k < eb; k++) {
if (ii < 6)
ins1(c, A_POPQ,
areg(sysv_argregs[ii++]));
else
stackslots++;
}
continue;
}
if (node_isfloat(args[i])) {
if (fi < 8) {
ins2(c, A_MOVSD, amem(D_SP, 0),
areg(sysv_fargregs[fi]));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(8), areg(D_SP));
fi++;
} else {
stackslots++; /* leave on stack */
}
} else if (node_isstr(args[i])) {
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
if (ii < 6)
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(sysv_argregs[ii++]));
else
stackslots++;
}
} else if (node_isslice(args[i])) {
for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
if (ii < 6)
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(sysv_argregs[ii++]));
else
stackslots++;
}
} else if (node_isstructarg(args[i])) {
int sz = struct_arg_size(args[i]->type);
int eb = (sz > 8) ? 2 : 1;
for (int k = 0; k < eb; k++) {
if (ii < 6)
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(sysv_argregs[ii++]));
else
stackslots++;
}
} else if (node_istaggedarg(args[i])) {
int sz = tagged_arg_size(args[i]->type);
int eb = sz / 8;
for (int k = 0; k < eb; k++) {
if (ii < 6)
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(sysv_argregs[ii++]));
else
stackslots++;
}
} else {
if (ii < 6) {
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(sysv_argregs[ii]));
ii++;
} else {
stackslots++;
}
}
}
/* sret hidden first-arg (#23): load &dest into RDI AFTER
* all user-arg pops have finished — the pop loop started
* its int-arg cursor at 1, so RDI was never written.
*
* Forwarding (task #9 follow-up): when outer's `return f();`
* forwards through an sret callee, source RDI from outer's
* saved @sretarg — inner writes directly into outer's
* caller-prealloc dest. No temporary in outer's frame.
* The @sretscr slot was still allocated above for byte-id
* lockstep with wwstage's scanlocals reservation; it goes
* unused on the forwarding branch. */
if (sret_call_sz > 0) {
if (cg_sret_forward) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, cg_sret_arg_off),
areg(D_DI));
cg_sret_forward = 0;
} else {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, sret_call_off),
areg(D_DI));
}
}
/* SysV: variadic callees require AL to hold the count of
* XMM regs used in the variable portion. We don't pass
* floats yet, so AL=0 covers every case we emit. */
if (cu && cu->kind == TY_FN && cu->variadic)
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
if (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
/* If the callee names a local variable holding a
* function pointer, load it and call indirect. Without
* this check `CALL fp(SB)` is emitted as if `fp` were
* a global symbol — the linker rightly fails. Hare /
* QBE handles this by treating any non-`$symbol` value
* as an indirect target; we get the same effect by
* reusing the cgexpr path. */
int loff = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (loff != 0) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, loff), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_CALL, areg(D_AX));
} else {
/* Bare `f()` — same-module by ww's resolver
* rules. Hint with c->cur_mod so the right
* fn wins when the leaf collides with another
* module's exported same-leaf fn. */
ins1(c, A_CALL,
mafn(c, n->lhs->str, c->cur_mod));
}
} else if (n->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->lhs->lhs &&
n->lhs->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
/* `m.fn()` is module-qualified iff the ident has no
* concrete type (SK_USE leaves it ty_err). For a real
* type — typically a struct or *struct holding a
* function pointer — we load the field and indirect. */
Type *bt = n->lhs->lhs->type;
if (bt == NULL || bt == ty_err) {
/* `m.fn()` — explicit module qualifier. Pass
* the bareword as the hint so cross-module
* same-leaf exports resolve correctly. */
ins1(c, A_CALL,
mafn(c, n->lhs->str, n->lhs->lhs->str));
} else {
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals); /* AX = fn ptr */
ins1(c, A_CALL, areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_CALL, areg(D_AX));
}
/* SysV: caller cleans stack args. */
if (stackslots > 0)
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(stackslots * 8), areg(D_SP));
/* If callee returns a str (16B → AX:DX per SysV), shuffle
* len from DX into BX so str values stay in (AX, BX). */
if (node_isstr(n)) ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
case N_MATCH: {
/* match on a tagged-union scrutinee. Read tag and value from
* the slot. Dispatch by the resolved variant index of each
* case's type pattern — case order is independent of variant
* declaration order. A case with no pattern (`case =>`) is a
* default arm; its body always runs.
*
* Slot layout: [+0]=tag, [+8]=value0, [+16]=value1. The third
* word is only meaningful for variants whose payload is >8B
* (e.g. str). Bindings sized 16B (str) copy two words.
*
* Nullable folded `(*T | void)`: slot is one 8B word holding
* the pointer; null IS the void variant. Discriminator =
* value, not a separate tag. */
Node *s = n->lhs;
Type *st = s ? s->type : NULL;
Type *su = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
int is_nullable = type_isnullable(st);
int slot_size = (su && su->kind == TY_TAGGED) ? (int)su->size : 16;
int sl_off;
if (s->kind == N_IDENT) {
sl_off = localfind(locals, s->str);
} else if (s->kind == N_DOT && s->lhs && s->lhs->kind == N_IDENT
&& s->lhs->type) {
/* `match (p.field)` — point sl_off at the field's slot
* inside the parent struct. The slot layout (tag at +0,
* value words at +8/+16) is contiguous within the struct,
* so no spill is needed. */
Type *bt = s->lhs->type;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
Tfield *f = NULL;
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
for (Tfield *fl = bu->fields; fl; fl = fl->next) {
if (strcmp(fl->name, s->str) == 0) {
f = fl; break;
}
}
}
if (f) {
int boff = localfind(locals, s->lhs->str);
sl_off = boff + (int)f->offset;
} else {
/* fall back to spill — `match (h.e)` where
* h is *struct. cgexpr → cgdot now leaves the
* AX=tag, DX=val0, CX=val1[, R8=val2] shape
* (task #28), so spill all words the variant
* may carry. Pre-#28 only AX landed and the
* dispatch fired on a stale slot. */
sl_off = localoff(c, &locals, "@match_spill",
slot_size, cg_frame);
cgexpr(c, s, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0));
if (!is_nullable) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 8));
if (slot_size > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 16));
if (slot_size > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_R8),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 24));
}
}
} else {
/* Spill non-ident scrutinees (e.g. `match (foo()?)`) into
* a scratch slot so we can index out the tag/value. The
* call ABI for tagged returns is AX=tag, DX=value0,
* CX=value1, R8=value2 — copy each word into the slot.
* Nullable returns are single-word: AX is the pointer;
* spill only that. */
sl_off = localoff(c, &locals, "@match_spill", slot_size,
cg_frame);
cgexpr(c, s, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0));
if (!is_nullable) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 8));
if (slot_size > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 16));
if (slot_size > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_R8),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 24));
}
}
char *end = mklabel(c, "match_end");
/* Push the end label as the yield target for arm bodies. */
if (nyields < YIELD_MAX) {
yield_target[nyields++] = end;
}
for (Node *cs = n->list; cs; cs = cs->next) {
char *next = mklabel(c, "match_next");
/* Per-arm scope: save the locals head, restore it
* after the body runs. Mirrors check.c's saved/restore
* around cstmt — the case bind (and any lets inside
* the arm) shouldn't leak past the arm, where a
* matching outer name would otherwise resolve to the
* shadow instead of the original. */
Local *arm_locals_saved = locals;
if (cs->type != NULL) {
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(su, cs->type);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0), areg(D_AX));
if (is_nullable) {
/* discriminator = pointer-vs-null.
* *T variant: skip if ptr == 0.
* void variant: skip if ptr != 0. */
int ptr_tag = nullable_ptr_tag(su);
int want_ptr = (tag == ptr_tag);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
if (want_ptr)
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(next));
else
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(next));
} else if (cs->list != NULL) {
/* Multi-pattern `case T1 | T2 | ... =>`:
* if the tag matches any of the alts,
* jump to body; otherwise to the next
* case. */
char *body = mklabel(c, "match_body");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(body));
for (Node *alt = cs->list; alt;
alt = alt->next) {
int atag = cg_tag_for_variant(
su, alt->type);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ,
aimm(atag < 0 ? 0 : atag),
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(body));
}
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(next));
label(c, body);
} else {
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(next));
}
}
if (cs->str && cs->str[0] && cs->type) {
Type *bt = cs->type;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? bt->under : bt;
if (is_nullable) {
/* Bind *T or void to a local. The
* value IS the slot's pointer word; no
* payload to copy. void binding is
* unusable (size 0), so only emit for
* the *T variant. local_alloc (not
* localoff): the bind must NEVER reuse
* an outer same-named slot. */
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_PTR) {
int voff = local_alloc(c, &locals,
cs->str, 8, cg_frame);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, voff));
}
} else {
int bsz = 8;
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_STR) bsz = 16;
else if (bu && bu->kind == TY_SLICE) bsz = 24;
else if (bu) bsz = (int)bu->size;
if (bsz <= 0) bsz = 8;
/* local_alloc to dodge name-collision
* dedup — a 16B str bind shadowing an
* 8B outer would otherwise overflow
* into the saved BP. */
int voff = local_alloc(c, &locals, cs->str,
bsz, cg_frame);
int nwords = (bsz + 7) / 8;
for (int w = 0; w < nwords; w++) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 8 + 8*w),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, voff + 8*w));
}
}
}
cgstmt(c, cs->body, &locals, cg_frame);
locals = arm_locals_saved;
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(end));
label(c, next);
}
label(c, end);
if (nyields > 0) nyields--;
break;
}
case N_TRYPROP: {
/* Evaluate tagged value: AX=tag, DX=value0[, CX=value1].
* If the tag matches an error variant, propagate as the
* current function's return (with a tag remap to the
* enclosing fn's variant order). On success, unwrap to the
* success-variant ABI: ≤8B values in AX; str values in
* (AX=ptr, BX=len).
*
* Nullable: AX is the pointer; *T variant is the success
* (any non-null), void variant is the error (null). The
* enclosing fn's null encoding is the same — RET with AX=0
* if propagating; otherwise leave AX as-is on success. */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
Type *u = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
if (u && u->kind == TY_NAMED) u = u->under;
Type *r = cg_ret_type;
if (r && r->kind == TY_NAMED) r = r->under;
if (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED && u->nullable) {
char *cont = mklabel(c, "tryprop_ok");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(cont));
/* null = error: propagate. AX already 0; matches
* the enclosing nullable encoding if it has one. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
label(c, cont);
break;
}
int s_tag = cg_tagged_success_tag(u);
Type *succ_t = NULL;
if (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
int i = 0;
for (Tparam *p = u->params; p; p = p->next, i++)
if (i == s_tag) { succ_t = p->type; break; }
}
int success_is_str = type_isstr(succ_t);
char *cont = mklabel(c, "tryprop_ok");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(s_tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(cont));
if (u && r && r->kind == TY_TAGGED && u->params) {
char *propret = mklabel(c, "tryprop_ret");
int i = 0;
for (Tparam *p = u->params; p; p = p->next, i++) {
if (!cg_variant_is_error(u, i)) continue;
int j = cg_tag_for_variant(r, p->type);
if (j < 0) j = 0;
if (j == i) continue;
char *skip = mklabel(c, "tryprop_skip");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(i), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(skip));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(j), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(propret));
label(c, skip);
}
label(c, propret);
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
label(c, cont);
if (success_is_str)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
case N_TRYUNW: {
/* On error variant: exit(1) directly via the syscall.
* Nullable: null = error; non-null = success (AX is the
* pointer, ready to use). */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
Type *u = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
if (u && u->kind == TY_NAMED) u = u->under;
if (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED && u->nullable) {
char *cont = mklabel(c, "tryunw_ok");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(cont));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(60), areg(D_AX));
ins0(c, A_SYSCALL);
label(c, cont);
break;
}
int s_tag = cg_tagged_success_tag(u);
Type *succ_t = NULL;
if (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
int i = 0;
for (Tparam *p = u->params; p; p = p->next, i++)
if (i == s_tag) { succ_t = p->type; break; }
}
int success_is_str = type_isstr(succ_t);
char *cont = mklabel(c, "tryunw_ok");
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(s_tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(cont));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(60), areg(D_AX));
ins0(c, A_SYSCALL);
label(c, cont);
if (success_is_str)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
case N_TYPETEST: {
/* `e is T` — Compare scrutinee tag against T's variant index.
* Result is bool (0/1) in AX. Nullable: discriminator is
* pointer-vs-null, not a tag. */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
Type *u = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
if (u && u->kind == TY_NAMED) u = u->under;
Type *vt = n->rhs ? n->rhs->type : NULL;
char *ne = mklabel(c, "is_ne");
char *done = mklabel(c, "is_done");
if (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED && u->nullable) {
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(u, vt);
int ptr_tag = nullable_ptr_tag(u);
int want_ptr = (tag == ptr_tag);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
if (want_ptr)
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(ne));
else
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(ne));
} else {
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(u, vt);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(ne));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(done));
label(c, ne);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
label(c, done);
break;
}
case N_TYPEASSERT: {
/* `e as T` — abort if tag != T's variant index; otherwise
* unwrap value to T's ABI: scalar/ptr variants land in AX;
* 16B str variants in AX:BX.
*
* We need both tag *and* value words. For an N_IDENT local
* the value lives at slot+8/+16 — cgexpr's single-MOVQ path
* does not load it. Mirror match's pattern: resolve a slot
* offset (existing local or a fresh @asrt_spill) and index
* out tag/value from memory.
*
* Nullable: the slot's word IS the pointer. *T variant
* asserts non-null; void variant asserts null. The value
* left in AX after the check is the pointer itself. */
Node *s = n->lhs;
Type *st = s ? s->type : NULL;
Type *u = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
Type *vt = n->type;
/* Enum ↔ integer: reinterpret-only. The value already lives
* in AX after evaluating the LHS; no tag/unwrap needed. */
{
Type *vu = (vt && vt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? vt->under : vt;
if ((u && u->kind == TY_ENUM) ||
(vu && vu->kind == TY_ENUM)) {
cgexpr(c, s, locals);
break;
}
}
int slot_size = (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED) ? (int)u->size : 16;
int sl_off = 0;
if (s && s->kind == N_IDENT && s->str) {
sl_off = localfind(locals, s->str);
}
if (sl_off == 0) {
sl_off = localoff(c, &locals, "@asrt_spill",
slot_size, cg_frame);
cgexpr(c, s, locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0));
if (!(u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED && u->nullable)) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 8));
if (slot_size > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX),
amem(D_BP, sl_off + 16));
}
}
char *ok = mklabel(c, "asrt_ok");
if (u && u->kind == TY_TAGGED && u->nullable) {
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(u, vt);
int ptr_tag = nullable_ptr_tag(u);
int want_ptr = (tag == ptr_tag);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
if (want_ptr)
ins1(c, A_JNE, abranch(ok));
else
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(ok));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(60), areg(D_AX));
ins0(c, A_SYSCALL);
label(c, ok);
/* AX already holds the pointer (or 0 for void
* variant, where the result type has size 0 and
* no consumer reads it). */
break;
}
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(u, vt);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sl_off + 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(ok));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(1), areg(D_DI));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(60), areg(D_AX));
ins0(c, A_SYSCALL);
label(c, ok);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sl_off + 8), areg(D_AX));
if (type_isstr(vt))
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sl_off + 16), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
case N_CAST: {
int from_f = node_isfloat(n->lhs);
int to_f = cg_isfloat(n->type);
int from_f32 = node_isf32(n->lhs);
int to_f32 = type_isf32(n->type);
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals); /* AX or X0 depending */
if (from_f && !to_f) {
int op = from_f32 ? A_CVTTSS2SI : A_CVTTSD2SI;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_X0), areg(D_AX));
} else if (!from_f && to_f) {
int op = to_f32 ? A_CVTSI2SS : A_CVTSI2SD;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX), areg(D_X0));
} else if (from_f && to_f && from_f32 != to_f32) {
int op = to_f32 ? A_CVTSD2SS : A_CVTSS2SD;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_X0), areg(D_X0));
}
/* str → []u8 (or any []T): cgexpr left (AX=ptr, BX=len).
* Slice register convention is (AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=cap);
* synthesise cap = len so downstream arg-push / let-init
* paths see the canonical triple. Without this, the cap
* register stays whatever cgexpr happened to leave there
* and the receiver reads a stale value. */
{
Type *tt = n->type;
Type *tu = (tt && tt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? tt->under : tt;
Type *ft = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED) ? ft->under : ft;
if (tu && tu->kind == TY_SLICE
&& fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_CX));
}
}
/* Narrowing integer cast: clamp AX to the target width so
* downstream 64-bit ops see a value within the declared
* range. Hare semantics: `expr: T` truncates to T's bit
* width (mod 2^n). Without this, `(big_u64): u32` left the
* upper 32 bits intact and CMPQ/DIVQ misread the value.
*
* Unsigned targets use MOVL/ANDQ to clear the high bits.
* Signed-narrow targets (i8/i16/i32) sign-extend via
* MOVSBQ/MOVSWQ/MOVSXD reg-reg so the sign bit propagates;
* this is what lets `(0xFF80i64): i8` compare equal to
* -128i64 after a widening read-back. Symmetric on signed
* vs unsigned: both branches gate on `type_isint(tu) &&
* size<8`, then dispatch on type_isunsigned(tu). The
* recursion through TY_ENUM in type_isunsigned (task #5)
* is what lets an enum-aliased narrow (`type myflag = i8`)
* pick up the right MOVS*Q. Wwstage's cgcast keys off the
* resolved type-name through the same shape. TY_RUNE is
* unsigned (Unicode scalar) and lands on the MOVL path. */
if (!from_f && !to_f && n->type) {
Type *tt = n->type;
Type *tu = (tt && tt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? tt->under : tt;
/* Identity-width identity-sign cast is a no-op at the
* machine-int level: src and dst share both width and
* signedness, so the natural slot/load already carries
* the right canonical 64-bit shape and the narrow-clamp
* is dead. Replaces b5632b1's single-site `!dst_is_enum`
* gate (task #25) which mirrored wwstage's N_TENUM
* lacuna; the lacuna is fixed there too, so this gate
* stays symmetric across both stages (#33). Source side
* uses `castsrcprim` (a structural walk matching
* wwstage's exprprimresolved exactly), NOT n->lhs->type
* — cstage's checker has richer type info than wwstage
* can derive without a checker, and the asymmetric
* coverage broke 995_self_rebuild's byte-id. The cost
* is that some casts (`.len: i32`, N_BIN result, call
* return, match-bound payload) still emit a redundant
* clamp on both stages; closing those gaps is a
* sibling task that extends wwstage's type inference.
* Incidentally fixes a silent miscompile #25's
* dst-kind-only skip left in place: u32→enum-u8 (and
* similar narrow-to-enum casts) was suppressing the
* clamp, so the upper bits of the source value leaked
* through register-chained downstream uses. Caveat:
* removing the defensive MOVL exposes any upstream
* cgen path that leaves garbage in upper RAX when
* producing a sub-word value — the contract is
* producers leave the value in canonical width-
* extended form. */
int src_w = 0, src_unsignd = 0;
castsrcprim(n->lhs, &src_w, &src_unsignd);
int dst_w = (tu && type_isint(tu)) ? (int)tu->size : 0;
int identity = dst_w > 0 && src_w == dst_w
&& src_unsignd == type_isunsigned(tu);
if (tu && type_isint(tu) && tu->size > 0
&& tu->size < 8 && !identity) {
if (type_isunsigned(tu)) {
if (tu->size == 4) {
ins2(c, A_MOVL,
areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
} else {
u64 mask = ((u64)1 << (tu->size * 8)) - 1;
ins2(c, A_ANDQ,
aimm((i64)mask),
areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
int op = A_MOVSXD;
if (tu->size == 1) op = A_MOVSBQ;
else if (tu->size == 2) op = A_MOVSWQ;
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
}
}
/* TY_BOOL is size 1 too; clamp to a single byte so
* `(u32_val): bool` produces 0 or a low-byte value
* instead of leaking the upper bits. type_isint(bool)
* is false, so the symmetric narrow above misses it
* — this dedicated branch covers the bool case. */
if (tu && tu->kind == TY_BOOL) {
ins2(c, A_ANDQ, aimm(0xFF), areg(D_AX));
}
}
break;
}
case N_DOT: {
/* slice/str pseudo-fields: .ptr (offset 0), .len (8), .cap (16).
* Arrays don't carry a header; .len uses the static size and
* .ptr is the address of the first element. */
/* `(*p).f` read retarget: parser produces n->lhs = N_UN(STAR,
* IDENT(p)) with type T (post-deref struct). Pull the inner
* IDENT in as dot_lhs so bt resolves to *T and the pointer-
* auto-deref branch below fires (mirror of the N_ASSIGN
* N_DOT lhs retarget). v1 scope: N_IDENT inner only;
* (*expr).f follow-up task pending. Branches that gate on
* `n->lhs->kind == N_DOT/N_INDEX/...` keep checking the raw
* n->lhs since (*p) isn't either of those shapes. */
Node *dot_lhs = n->lhs;
if (dot_lhs && dot_lhs->kind == N_UN && dot_lhs->op == TK_STAR
&& dot_lhs->lhs && dot_lhs->lhs->kind == N_IDENT)
dot_lhs = dot_lhs->lhs;
Type *bt = dot_lhs ? dot_lhs->type : NULL;
Type *u = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
/* Module-qualified value reference: `mod.name`. The checker
* leaves SK_USE idents untyped (NULL/ty_err); detect that and
* look up the leaf in the flat (driver-concatenated) sym/def
* maps the same way a bare N_IDENT would. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT
&& (bt == NULL || bt == ty_err)) {
Type *t = n->type;
Type *tu = (t && t->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t->under : t;
if (tu && tu->kind == TY_FN) {
/* `mod.fn` address-of via N_DOT — pass the
* module bareword as the disambiguation hint. */
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
mafn(c, n->str, n->lhs->str), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
for (Sdef *s = sdefs; s; s = s->next) {
if (strcmp(s->name, n->str) != 0) continue;
const char *lab = intern_strlit(c, s->bytes,
s->len);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, asym(lab), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm((long long)s->len),
areg(D_BX));
goto dot_done;
}
/* Same gating as the bare-ident catch-all: lets route
* through localloadop (their slot can be the target of
* a narrow deref-store via `&letname: *iN`); defs and
* unresolved symbols stay on MOVQ so wwstage's defent-
* registry-without-tnode shape agrees byte-for-byte. */
int mqop = let_islet(n->str)
? localloadop(n->type) : A_MOVQ;
if (mqop == A_MOVQ) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, mqop, amem(D_CX, 0), areg(D_AX));
}
goto dot_done;
}
/* Chained N_DOT spine through value-struct fields. Handles any
* depth `root.f0.f1.…leaf` where every intermediate field is a
* value struct, plus the slice/str pseudo-field tail (`s.buf.len`)
* where the innermost field is a slice/str header. Walks inward
* collecting (parent_struct, field_name); reverses to sum field
* offsets; emits one load at (base + total_off). Placed BEFORE
* the slice/str pseudo-field branch so its else-arm (cgexpr lhs
* + shuffle BX→AX) doesn't mis-handle `b.buf.len` — cgexpr on a
* value-struct→slice chain only loads .ptr into AX, leaving BX
* stale. Sibling of the pointer-chain branch further down. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_DOT) {
Type *lt0 = n->lhs->type;
Type *lu0 = (lt0 && lt0->kind == TY_NAMED) ? lt0->under : lt0;
int leaf_is_pseudo = lu0 && n->str
&& (lu0->kind == TY_SLICE || lu0->kind == TY_STR)
&& (strcmp(n->str, "ptr") == 0
|| strcmp(n->str, "len") == 0
|| strcmp(n->str, "cap") == 0);
int leaf_in_struct = lu0 && lu0->kind == TY_STRUCT;
if (leaf_is_pseudo || leaf_in_struct) {
struct { Type *pu; const char *name; } steps[16];
int nsteps = 0;
int ptr_root = 0;
Node *cur = n;
int abort = 0;
while (cur && cur->kind == N_DOT && cur->lhs) {
Type *pt = cur->lhs->type;
Type *pu = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? pt->under : pt;
if (!pu) { abort = 1; break; }
if (cur == n && (pu->kind == TY_SLICE
|| pu->kind == TY_STR)) {
/* leaf pseudo on slice/str header */
} else if (pu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
/* value-struct hop */
} else if (pu->kind == TY_PTR && pu->sub
&& cur->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
/* `*T` root: dereference once at emit
* time, then walk offsets through the
* pointee. Only at the last hop (root
* is a bare ident) — `*T`-field mid-
* chain keeps its cgexpr-based pointer-
* field branch further down. */
Type *sub = (pu->sub->kind == TY_NAMED)
? pu->sub->under : pu->sub;
if (sub && sub->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
pu = sub;
ptr_root = 1;
} else {
abort = 1;
break;
}
} else {
abort = 1;
break;
}
if (nsteps >= 16) { abort = 1; break; }
steps[nsteps].pu = pu;
steps[nsteps].name = cur->str;
nsteps++;
cur = cur->lhs;
}
if (!abort && cur && cur->kind == N_IDENT
&& nsteps > 0) {
int total_off = 0;
Type *leaf_type = NULL;
int slice_delta = -1;
int ok = 1;
for (int i = nsteps - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
Type *pu = steps[i].pu;
if (pu->kind == TY_SLICE
|| pu->kind == TY_STR) {
if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "ptr") == 0)
slice_delta = 0;
else if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "len") == 0)
slice_delta = 8;
else if (strcmp(steps[i].name, "cap") == 0)
slice_delta = 16;
else { ok = 0; break; }
} else {
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = pu->fields; fl; fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name, steps[i].name) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
if (!f) { ok = 0; break; }
total_off += (int)f->offset;
leaf_type = f->type;
}
}
if (ok) {
int root_off = localfind(locals, cur->str);
int base_reg = D_BP;
int base_disp = root_off;
int root_resolved = (root_off != 0);
if (!root_resolved && let_islet(cur->str)) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, cur->str), areg(D_CX));
base_reg = D_CX;
base_disp = 0;
root_resolved = 1;
}
if (root_resolved && ptr_root) {
/* `*T` root: load the pointer value
* once; field accesses then index at
* total_off off the pointer. */
if (base_reg == D_BP) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, base_disp),
areg(D_CX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_CX, 0), areg(D_CX));
}
base_reg = D_CX;
base_disp = 0;
}
if (root_resolved) {
if (slice_delta >= 0) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off + slice_delta),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
Type *fu = (leaf_type
&& leaf_type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? leaf_type->under : leaf_type;
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off + 8),
areg(D_BX));
goto dot_done;
}
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
/* Slice leaf: load all three header
* words into (AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=cap)
* so the value follows the canonical
* slice-rhs convention. base_reg may
* be CX (global / `*T` root); load
* .cap LAST so the base survives the
* earlier reads. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off + 8),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off + 16),
areg(D_CX));
goto dot_done;
}
int g_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(leaf_type, &g_isf32)) {
int mov = g_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off),
areg(D_X0));
goto dot_done;
}
int fsz = (int)(leaf_type
? leaf_type->size : 8);
int op = fldloadop(leaf_type, fsz);
ins2(c, op,
amem(base_reg,
base_disp + total_off),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
}
}
}
}
int lenfld = (n->str && strcmp(n->str, "len") == 0);
int capfld = (n->str && strcmp(n->str, "cap") == 0);
int ptrfld = (n->str && strcmp(n->str, "ptr") == 0);
if (u && (u->kind == TY_SLICE || u->kind == TY_STR)
&& (lenfld || capfld || ptrfld)) {
if (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (off == 0) {
/* Not a local — could be `def NAME: str
* = "lit"`. Sdef-backed strs aren't laid
* out in memory; emit .ptr/.len from the
* literal directly, mirroring the bare
* N_IDENT branch above. Without this we'd
* load BP+8 (return-address slot) as the
* "len". */
{
/* Same-module-first walk: two
* same-leaf `def MSG: str = ...`
* across modules would otherwise
* fold the wrong strlit's length /
* label into `MSG.len` / `MSG.ptr`
* (sister of wwstage deflookuprhs
* #4c). */
Sdef *s;
for (s = sdefs; s; s = s->next) {
if (strcmp(s->name,
n->lhs->str) != 0)
continue;
if (sdef_mod_match(c, s))
break;
}
if (s == NULL) {
for (s = sdefs; s;
s = s->next)
if (strcmp(s->name,
n->lhs->str)
== 0)
break;
}
if (s != NULL) {
if (ptrfld) {
const char *lab =
intern_strlit(c,
s->bytes,
s->len);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
asym(lab),
areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
aimm((long long)
s->len),
areg(D_AX));
}
goto dot_done;
}
}
/* Top-level str/slice `let` — load
* the field through &name(SB). Same
* pattern as the bare N_IDENT load. */
if (let_islet(n->lhs->str)) {
int delta = ptrfld ? 0
: (lenfld ? 8 : 16);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_CX, delta),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
}
int delta = ptrfld ? 0 : (lenfld ? 8 : 16);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + delta),
areg(D_AX));
} else {
/* Evaluate the str/slice expression — leaves
* (AX=ptr, BX=len) for str. .ptr returns AX,
* .len shuffles BX→AX. */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
if (lenfld)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
areg(D_AX));
}
break;
}
if (u && u->kind == TY_ARRAY && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
if (lenfld) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm((long long)u->alen), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
if (ptrfld) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
}
/* tuple positional field access: t.0, t.1, ... */
if (u && u->kind == TY_TUPLE && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && n->str) {
int idx = 0;
for (const char *q = n->str; *q; q++) idx = idx * 10 + (*q - '0');
Tparam *tp = u->params;
int foff = 0;
while (idx > 0 && tp) {
if (tp->type) foff += (int)tp->type->size;
tp = tp->next;
idx--;
}
if (tp != NULL) {
int fsz = (int)(tp->type ? tp->type->size : 8);
Type *fu = (tp->type && tp->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? tp->type->under : tp->type;
int op = fldloadop(tp->type, fsz);
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
/* str element: load (ptr, len) into (AX, BX) so chains
* like `t.1.len` propagate through the str-rhs
* convention. Without this we'd MOVQ 8B and the .len
* shuffle (BX→AX) would surface garbage. */
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + foff + 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off + foff + 8), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
ins2(c, op, amem(D_BP, off + foff), areg(D_AX));
}
break;
}
/* real struct field: load at struct_base + field_off.
* Base is either a local frame slot (off(BP)) or a top-
* level let global (&name(SB) into CX); we resolve which
* once and then share the field-walk code. */
if (u && u->kind == TY_STRUCT && n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
int is_global = 0;
int base_reg = D_BP;
int base_disp = off;
if (off == 0 && let_islet(n->lhs->str)) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str), areg(D_CX));
is_global = 1;
base_reg = D_CX;
base_disp = 0;
}
for (Tfield *f = u->fields; f; f = f->next) {
if (strcmp(f->name, n->str) != 0) continue;
/* tagged-union field: load AX=tag, DX=val0,
* CX=val1, R8=val2 (CX last, since for globals
* CX is also the base addr; load R8 before CX
* so the base address survives the +24 read).
* Mirrors the tagged-return ABI so the let-init
* / match dispatch shapes just work. The val2
* word fires for slice-variant tagged-unions
* (slot = 8 tag + 24 slice header = 32B). */
Type *tag_fu = (f->type && f->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? f->type->under : f->type;
if (tag_fu && tag_fu->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
int fo = base_disp + (int)f->offset;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, fo + 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, fo + 8), areg(D_DX));
if (tag_fu->size > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, fo + 24),
areg(D_R8));
if (tag_fu->size > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, fo + 16),
areg(D_CX));
(void)is_global;
break;
}
/* str field: load (ptr, len) into (AX, BX) so the
* value flows through the str-rhs convention. */
Type *str_fu = (f->type && f->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? f->type->under : f->type;
if (str_fu && str_fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset + 8),
areg(D_BX));
break;
}
/* slice field: load (ptr, len, cap) into (AX, BX, CX)
* so the value flows through the slice-rhs convention.
* base_reg may be CX for globals; load .cap LAST so
* the base survives the earlier reads. */
if (str_fu && str_fu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset + 8),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset + 16),
areg(D_CX));
break;
}
/* f64/f32 field: route through X0 (MOVSD/MOVSS).
* Loading via MOVQ AX would put the bits in the
* integer reg, and any downstream consumer that
* reads X0 (arg pass, return, arithmetic) would see
* stale data. */
int e_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(f->type, &e_isf32)) {
int mov = e_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset),
areg(D_X0));
break;
}
int fsz = (int)(f->type ? f->type->size : 8);
int op = fldloadop(f->type, fsz);
ins2(c, op,
amem(base_reg, base_disp + (int)f->offset),
areg(D_AX));
break;
}
break;
}
/* pointer-to-slice/str field: deref and read pseudo-field.
* Used by helpers like rt_appendu8(s: *[]u8, v: u8). dot_lhs
* gates the N_IDENT check so `(*p).len` (parser N_UN(STAR,
* IDENT)) emits the same load as `p.len` after the case-top
* retarget. */
if (u && u->kind == TY_PTR && u->sub) {
Type *inner = u->sub;
if (inner->kind == TY_NAMED) inner = inner->under;
if (inner && (inner->kind == TY_SLICE || inner->kind == TY_STR)
&& (lenfld || capfld || ptrfld)
&& dot_lhs && dot_lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, dot_lhs->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
int delta = ptrfld ? 0 : (lenfld ? 8 : 16);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, delta), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
}
/* pointer-to-struct field: deref and load. Common pattern:
* fn move(p: *point) ... { p.x += dx; ... }
* dot_lhs gates this branch so both `p.f` (n->lhs is IDENT)
* and `(*p).f` (n->lhs is N_UN(STAR, IDENT), retargeted to
* inner IDENT at case-top) emit the same load sequence. */
if (u && u->kind == TY_PTR && u->sub) {
Type *inner = u->sub;
if (inner->kind == TY_NAMED) inner = inner->under;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& dot_lhs && dot_lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(locals, dot_lhs->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
for (Tfield *f = inner->fields; f; f = f->next) {
if (strcmp(f->name, n->str) != 0) continue;
/* tagged-union field through *struct: BX
* already holds the *struct pointer. Load
* the four payload regs from (BX, f->offset)
* — BX is not a target (AX/DX/CX/R8), so
* load order is harmless. Mirrors the direct-
* struct branch above so consumers see the
* same tagged-return register shape
* regardless of pointer rooting. Pre-#28 fell
* through to fldloadop and dropped the
* payload words. */
Type *ptag_fu = (f->type && f->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? f->type->under : f->type;
if (ptag_fu && ptag_fu->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
int fo = (int)f->offset;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, fo + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, fo + 8),
areg(D_DX));
if (ptag_fu->size > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, fo + 16),
areg(D_CX));
if (ptag_fu->size > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, fo + 24),
areg(D_R8));
break;
}
/* str field through *struct: read len into a
* scratch first (it's at +8) so loading ptr
* into AX last leaves (AX=ptr, BX=len). We
* use CX as the scratch, then move CX→BX. */
Type *str_fu = (f->type && f->type->kind == TY_NAMED)
? f->type->under : f->type;
if (str_fu && str_fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset + 8),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
/* slice field through *struct: load (ptr, len,
* cap) into (AX, BX, CX). BX holds the *struct
* pointer, so load .len LAST — the earlier loads
* still index off the original base. */
if (str_fu && str_fu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset + 16),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset + 8),
areg(D_BX));
break;
}
/* f64/f32 field via *struct: load into X0.
* BX already holds the struct pointer from
* the MOVQ amem(D_BP,off) above. */
int f_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(f->type, &f_isf32)) {
int mov = f_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset),
areg(D_X0));
break;
}
int fsz = (int)(f->type ? f->type->size : 8);
int op = fldloadop(f->type, fsz);
ins2(c, op,
amem(D_BX, (int)f->offset),
areg(D_AX));
break;
}
break;
}
}
/* Chained N_DOT through a *struct field. cgexpr lhs leaves
* AX = the inner *struct pointer; load the requested field
* with a single MOVQ. Without this, returning `o.p.val`
* silently leaves AX = o.p (the pointer) and the outer
* cast/use sees the pointer instead of the dereferenced
* field. (Surfaced building ww-w6l.) */
if (n->lhs->kind == N_DOT) {
Type *lt = n->lhs->type;
Type *lu = (lt && lt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? lt->under : lt;
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_PTR && lu->sub) {
Type *inner = lu->sub;
if (inner->kind == TY_NAMED) inner = inner->under;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
for (Tfield *f = inner->fields; f; f = f->next) {
if (strcmp(f->name, n->str) != 0) continue;
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals); /* AX = inner ptr */
Type *ft = f->type;
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ft->under : ft;
/* str field: load (ptr, len) into (AX, BX). */
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset + 8),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset + 0),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
/* slice field: load (ptr, len, cap) into
* (AX, BX, CX). AX is the *struct base, so
* load .ptr (which targets AX) LAST. */
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset + 8),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset + 16),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset + 0),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
/* f64/f32 chained field: read into X0. */
int g_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(ft, &g_isf32)) {
int mov = g_isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov,
amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset),
areg(D_X0));
goto dot_done;
}
int fsz = (int)(ft ? ft->size : 8);
int op = fldloadop(ft, fsz);
ins2(c, op, amem(D_AX, (int)f->offset),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
}
}
}
/* `arr[i].field` — element-then-field through a `[N]*S` /
* `[N]S` (and slice/`*[N]S`) base. One branch covers both
* shapes: compute `&arr[i]` into BX, then either deref
* (`*Struct` element) or move-to-AX (value `Struct` element),
* so the leaf load is `(field.offset)(AX)` either way.
* Bypasses cgindex deliberately — cgindex's final MOVQ
* would truncate a value-struct element to 8 bytes. Mirrors
* selfhost/cmd/wcc/cgenexpr.ww's cgdot N_INDEX-lhs branch. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_INDEX && n->lhs->lhs
&& n->lhs->lhs->kind == N_IDENT) {
Node *idxbase = n->lhs->lhs;
Type *elemt = n->lhs->type;
Type *elemu = (elemt && elemt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? elemt->under : elemt;
Type *struct_t = NULL;
int viaptr = 0;
if (elemu && elemu->kind == TY_PTR) {
Type *inner = elemu->sub;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_NAMED)
inner = inner->under;
if (inner && inner->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
struct_t = inner;
viaptr = 1;
}
} else if (elemu && elemu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
struct_t = elemu;
}
if (struct_t) {
Tfield *f = NULL;
for (Tfield *fl = struct_t->fields; fl; fl = fl->next)
if (strcmp(fl->name, n->str) == 0)
{ f = fl; break; }
Type *bt = idxbase->type;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? bt->under : bt;
int is_arr = bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY;
int is_sl = bu && bu->kind == TY_SLICE;
int is_ptr = bu && bu->kind == TY_PTR;
int off = localfind(locals, idxbase->str);
if (f != NULL && (is_arr || is_sl || is_ptr)
&& off != 0) {
int esz = (int)elemt->size;
cgexpr(c, n->lhs->rhs, locals);
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX),
areg(D_AX));
}
if (is_arr)
ins2(c, A_LEAQ,
amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
if (viaptr)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
else
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
areg(D_AX));
int foff = (int)f->offset;
Type *ft = f->type;
Type *fu = (ft && ft->kind == TY_NAMED)
? ft->under : ft;
if (fu && fu->kind == TY_STR) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, foff + 8),
areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_AX, foff + 0),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
int g_isf32 = 0;
if (fld_isfloat(ft, &g_isf32)) {
int mov = g_isf32
? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov,
amem(D_AX, foff),
areg(D_X0));
goto dot_done;
}
int fsz = (int)(ft ? ft->size : 8);
int op = fldloadop(ft, fsz);
ins2(c, op, amem(D_AX, foff),
areg(D_AX));
goto dot_done;
}
}
}
/* Nested module-qualified field where the chain didn't fold to
* a known shape (typical when w6c runs on a single file with
* `use mod;` but no driver concatenation — the body's enum /
* struct hasn't been seen). Emit `MOVQ <leaf>(SB), AX` so the
* linker surfaces a clean undefined-symbol error on the leaf
* — mirrors the bare-N_IDENT unresolved fallback used by
* single-segment N_DOTs. Keeps cstage / wwstage byte-aligned
* on the cgen-match isolation probes. */
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_DOT && n->str) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, masym(c, n->str), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
/* fall through to base evaluation; result placeholder */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
dot_done:
break;
}
case N_INDEX: {
/* Scaled indexing for slice/array/str/ptr-to-T.
* Element size is 1 for u8/str, otherwise type's natural size.
* For `*[N]T` drill through to the array so esz/esub reflect
* T, not sizeof(array). */
Type *bt = n->lhs ? n->lhs->type : NULL;
Type *u = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
Type *eff = idx_eff(bt);
int esz = 1;
if (eff && eff->sub) esz = (int)eff->sub->size;
if (u && u->kind == TY_STR) esz = 1;
Type *esub = eff ? eff->sub : NULL;
Type *esubu = (esub && esub->kind == TY_NAMED)
? esub->under : esub;
int elem_tagged = esubu && esubu->kind == TY_TAGGED;
if (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT && u) {
int off = localfind(locals, n->lhs->str);
int isglobal = (off == 0) && let_islet(n->lhs->str);
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals); /* idx → AX */
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
}
/* base address into BX. Top-level array → LEAQ
* name(SB); top-level ptr → MOVQ name(SB) (the symbol
* holds the pointer); locals route off BP. */
if (isglobal && u->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_BX));
} else if (isglobal) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, masym(c, n->lhs->str),
areg(D_BX));
} else if (u->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
} else {
/* slice/str/ptr: ptr field is at off+0 */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, off), areg(D_BX));
}
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
/* str element: load (ptr, len) into (AX, BX) so the
* value flows through the str-rhs convention. */
if (u->sub && type_isstr(u->sub)) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 8), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
break;
}
/* tagged element: load slot words into (AX=tag,
* DX=val0, CX=val1, R8=val2) — matches the
* tagged-return ABI so let-init / match / call-arg
* paths consume it without spilling. Nullable folded
* element is one word in AX (caller treats it as a
* pointer). */
if (elem_tagged) {
int ssz = (int)esubu->size;
if (ssz > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 24),
areg(D_R8));
if (ssz > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 16),
areg(D_CX));
if (ssz > 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 8),
areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
int load_op = fldloadop(esub, esz);
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
/* Fallback: evaluate base (treat as plain pointer) and
* dereference at base+idx. Pick the load opcode by element
* size — `b.data[i]` on a *u8 must read 1 byte, not 8.
*
* Scale the index in a register before pushing, because
* IMULQ on a memory operand isn't currently encoded by w6a
* (modrm bits use mod=3 register form). */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, locals);
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, locals);
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
/* str element: load (ptr, len) into (AX, BX). */
if (u && u->sub && type_isstr(u->sub)) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_AX, 8), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_AX, 0), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
/* tagged element via fallback base: AX holds the element
* address — copy to BX (the load into AX clobbers it), then
* load slot words. */
if (elem_tagged) {
int ssz = (int)esubu->size;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
if (ssz > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 24), areg(D_R8));
if (ssz > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 16), areg(D_CX));
if (ssz > 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 8), areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BX, 0), areg(D_AX));
break;
}
{
int load_op = fldloadop(esub, esz);
ins2(c, load_op, amem(D_AX, 0), areg(D_AX));
}
break;
}
case N_SLICE: {
/* base[lo:hi] as a slice value. Leaves the triple in
* (AX=base+lo, BX=hi-lo, CX=hi-lo) so callers can route
* to a slice slot, return, or arg with the same ABI. Cap
* defaults to the new length — there's no syntax for a
* larger cap yet. Element scaling on the ptr isn't wired
* (matches the let-init path), so non-u8 slices need a
* follow-up audit when fixtures exercise them. */
Node *base = n->lhs;
Node *lo = n->rhs;
Node *hi = n->cond;
Type *bt = base ? base->type : NULL;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
if (base && base->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
int isglobal = (boff == 0) && let_islet(base->str);
if (isglobal && bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_AX));
} else if (isglobal) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_AX));
} else if (bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_AX));
}
} else if (base) {
cgexpr(c, base, locals);
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
if (lo) cgexpr(c, lo, locals);
else cgexpr_int(c, 0);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
if (hi) {
cgexpr(c, hi, locals);
} else if (bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
cgexpr_int(c, (long long)bu->alen);
} else if (base && base->kind == N_IDENT && bu &&
(bu->kind == TY_SLICE || bu->kind == TY_STR)) {
int boff = localfind(locals, base->str);
int isglobal = (boff == 0) && let_islet(base->str);
if (isglobal) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, masym(c, base->str),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_CX, 8), areg(D_AX));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff + 8),
areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
cgexpr_int(c, 0);
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_CX));
break;
}
default:
cgexpr_int(c, 0);
break;
}
}
static void
cgstmt(Cg *c, Node *n, Local **locals, int *frame)
{
if (n == NULL) return;
switch (n->kind) {
case N_BLOCK: {
/* Save/restore the locals head across the block (post-#27).
* Inner-scope `let` bindings prepend to *locals via localoff;
* without this restore, the prepended stubs leak into sibling
* and ancestor scopes, and localfind (head-first) returns the
* inner binding's offset for an identifier that semantically
* belongs to the outer scope. The frame is left grown — slot
* lifetimes don't overlap with later siblings observably (the
* popped stubs' offsets are no longer reachable by name), but
* we don't reclaim the frame bytes; that's the conservative
* choice C compilers make for simple lowering.
*
* cgfn iterates fn->body->list directly to bypass this
* save/restore at the function's outermost block — defers
* (and the implicit-return epilogue) need locals intact. */
Local *saved = *locals;
for (Node *s = n->list; s; s = s->next)
cgstmt(c, s, locals, frame);
*locals = saved;
break;
}
case N_EXPRSTMT:
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
break;
case N_LET: {
Type *lt = n->type;
Type *lu = (lt && lt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? lt->under : lt;
int sz = 8;
if (lu && lu->kind == TY_ARRAY) sz = (int)lu->size;
else if (lu && lu->kind == TY_SLICE) sz = 24;
else if (lu && lu->kind == TY_STR) sz = 16;
else if (lu && lu->kind == TY_STRUCT) sz = (int)lu->size;
else if (lu && lu->kind == TY_TUPLE) sz = (int)lu->size;
else if (lu && lu->kind == TY_TAGGED) sz = (int)lu->size;
int off = localoff(c, locals, n->str, sz, frame);
int isf = cg_isfloat(lt);
int isf32 = type_isf32(lt);
/* alloc([], n) initialiser for a slice local: allocate
* n*esize bytes, build the {ptr, 0, n} header in the slot.
* Element size comes from the declared slice type. */
if (n->rhs && lu && lu->kind == TY_SLICE && sz == 24
&& n->rhs->kind == N_CALL && n->rhs->lhs
&& n->rhs->lhs->kind == N_IDENT
&& strcmp(n->rhs->lhs->str, "alloc") == 0
&& n->rhs->list && n->rhs->list->kind == N_ARRLIT
&& n->rhs->list->list == NULL
&& n->rhs->list->next && n->rhs->list->next->next == NULL) {
Node *count = n->rhs->list->next;
int esz = (lu->sub) ? (int)lu->sub->size : 1;
cgexpr(c, count, *locals); /* AX = n */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* save count */
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_DI));
ins1(c, A_CALL, asym(ffi_resolve("alloc")));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BX)); /* count */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 16));
break;
}
/* str initialiser: cgexpr produces (AX=ptr, BX=len). */
if (n->rhs && type_isstr(lt) && sz == 16) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
break;
}
/* 2-tuple initialiser from a function call: SysV returns
* a 16-byte aggregate in (AX, DX). Store both into the
* tuple slot. */
if (n->rhs && lu && lu->kind == TY_TUPLE && sz == 16) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
break;
}
/* 24B tuple initialiser for `(scalar, str)` / `(str, scalar)`.
* Per the AX:DX:CX return convention: AX = scalar elem,
* DX = str.ptr, CX = str.len. The slot is laid out positionally
* (e0 at +0, e1 at +8 for scalars; str takes 16B starting at
* its position), so we route each register to the slot dictated
* by the element's type, not by AX/DX position. */
if (n->rhs && lu && lu->kind == TY_TUPLE && sz == 24) {
Tparam *p0 = lu->params;
Tparam *p1 = p0 ? p0->next : NULL;
Type *t0 = p0 ? p0->type : NULL;
Type *t1 = p1 ? p1->type : NULL;
Type *u0 = (t0 && t0->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t0->under : t0;
Type *u1 = (t1 && t1->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t1->under : t1;
int e0_str = u0 && u0->kind == TY_STR;
int e1_str = u1 && u1->kind == TY_STR;
if (e0_str ^ e1_str) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
if (e0_str) {
/* layout: str@+0 (16B), scalar@+16. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 16));
} else {
/* layout: scalar@+0 (8B), str@+8 (16B). */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, off + 16));
}
break;
}
}
/* Tagged-union initialiser. Delegates to cg_widen_tagged_store,
* which handles nullable fold, tagged→tagged (with tag remap
* when variant indices differ), struct payload (ident or
* literal — field-by-field at slot+8+field_off), str payload,
* and scalar payload (with zero-pad to the slot size). */
if (n->rhs && lu && lu->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, locals, lu, n->rhs, D_BP, off, sz);
break;
}
/* slice expression initialiser: build a {ptr, len, cap} header
* referring to the source. Element size assumed to be 1
* (u8) for now; real element-size scaling is a future TODO. */
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_SLICE && lu
&& lu->kind == TY_SLICE) {
Node *base = n->rhs->lhs;
Node *lo = n->rhs->rhs;
Node *hi = n->rhs->cond;
Type *bt = base ? base->type : NULL;
Type *bu = (bt && bt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? bt->under : bt;
/* load base address */
if (base->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(*locals, base->str);
if (bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_AX));
} else {
/* slice/str/ptr: load .ptr */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_AX));
}
} else {
cgexpr(c, base, *locals);
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* save base addr */
/* lo (default 0) */
if (lo) cgexpr(c, lo, *locals);
else cgexpr_int(c, 0);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX)); /* save lo */
/* hi (default base length) */
if (hi) {
cgexpr(c, hi, *locals);
} else if (bu && bu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
cgexpr_int(c, (long long)bu->alen);
} else if (base->kind == N_IDENT && bu &&
(bu->kind == TY_SLICE || bu->kind == TY_STR)) {
int boff = localfind(*locals, base->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff + 8), areg(D_AX));
} else {
cgexpr_int(c, 0);
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX)); /* BX = hi */
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_CX)); /* CX = lo */
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX)); /* AX = base */
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX)); /* AX = base+lo */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_SUBQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_BX)); /* BX = hi-lo */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 16));
break;
}
/* Generic slice rhs (e.g. fn returning []u8, slice ident,
* slice-typed param). cgexpr leaves (AX=ptr, BX=len, CX=
* cap); store all three into the local slot. Runs after
* the alloc and N_SLICE specialisations above so they keep
* their direct-store shape. */
if (n->rhs && lu && lu->kind == TY_SLICE && sz == 24) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), amem(D_BP, off + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, off + 16));
break;
}
/* struct literal initialiser: field-by-field store via the
* shared cg_structlit_fill_bp helper. The literal carries
* op == TK_ELLIPSIS when the source ends in `..., ...` —
* helper zero-fills the slot first so unmentioned fields
* read as 0. Nested struct-typed structlit field values
* recurse into the helper at the correct offset instead of
* landing AX = first-qword via cgexpr (#17 silent zero). */
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT && lu
&& lu->kind == TY_STRUCT) {
cg_structlit_fill_bp(c, locals, lu, n->rhs, off);
break;
}
/* sret receive (#23): plain TY_STRUCT >24B. The let's own
* slot IS the caller-prealloc dest; the call writes
* through hidden RDI directly into our slot, no AX/DX/CX
* shuffle. Set cg_sret_dest_off so the nested cgexpr →
* N_CALL path emits `LEAQ off(BP), RDI` before CALL. */
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_CALL && lu
&& lu->kind == TY_STRUCT && sz > 24) {
cg_sret_dest_off = off;
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
cg_sret_dest_off = 0;
break;
}
/* Whole-struct receive for sizes <=24B (call-result rhs).
* Counterpart of #4's cgreturn ABI: cgexpr leaves
* AX=bytes[0..7], DX=bytes[8..15], CX=bytes[16..23], zero-
* padded to 24B by the producer.
*
* ASYMMETRY (do NOT mirror the sender): producer emits three
* uniform MOVQs into a zero-padded 24B scratch slot; the
* receiver must write only `sz` bytes — MOVQ for full 8B
* chunks plus a sized tail (MOVL/MOVW/MOVB) by the *declared*
* struct size. Otherwise a trailing 1..7-byte chunk would
* overrun into the next local slot.
*
* Tail chunks in {3,5,6,7} (would need shift-and-store from
* the register) are unreachable under WW struct alignment
* rules (field aligns force size%align==0); the guard
* excludes them so they fall through to the existing scalar
* path rather than emit a stomping MOVQ tail. Sizes >24B also
* fall through (sret deferred, same constraint as #4). */
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_CALL && lu
&& lu->kind == TY_STRUCT && sz <= 24
&& (sz % 8 == 0 || sz % 8 == 1
|| sz % 8 == 2 || sz % 8 == 4)) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
int regs[3] = { D_AX, D_DX, D_CX };
int full = sz / 8;
int tail = sz % 8;
for (int i = 0; i < full; i++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(regs[i]),
amem(D_BP, off + i * 8));
if (tail > 0) {
int op = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL
: (tail == 2) ? A_MOVW : A_MOVB;
ins2(c, op, areg(regs[full]),
amem(D_BP, off + full * 8));
}
break;
}
/* array literal initialiser: `let xs: [N]T = [a, b, c];`.
* Walk elements in declaration order, store each at off + i*esz
* using the right width for the element type. The trailing
* `...` repeat marker (an N_FIELD with str=="...") fills the
* remaining slots with the last value.
*
* str element (16B = ptr+len) needs both halves stored: cgexpr
* leaves a str as (AX=ptr, BX=len), and a single MOVQ from AX
* would leave .len as whatever the stack held — silent
* miscompile. The per-element store branches on TY_STR before
* falling through to the scalar MOVB/MOVL/MOVQ path. Slice
* (24B) and struct/tuple/tagged element arrays land in the
* same multi-word-store gap; the read side (cgindex of an
* [N]slice) has its own truncating-to-ptr bug, so slice
* end-to-end repros surface sub-issues — both halves of the
* slice-element fix are tracked as a follow-up. */
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_ARRLIT && lu
&& lu->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
Type *esub = lu->sub;
int esz = esub ? (int)esub->size : 1;
int is_str_el = type_isstr(esub);
int op = A_MOVQ;
if (!is_str_el) {
if (esz == 1) op = A_MOVB;
else if (esz == 4) op = A_MOVL;
/* esz == 2 (i16/u16) falls through to MOVQ —
* over-writes by 6B; the next element store
* rewrites the high half. For the last element
* this trails 6 bytes into the next stack slot.
* Add MOVW to w6a if real i16 arrays land. */
}
int idx = 0;
Node *last = NULL;
int repeat = 0;
for (Node *e = n->rhs->list; e; e = e->next) {
if (e->kind == N_FIELD && e->str &&
strcmp(e->str, "...") == 0) {
repeat = 1;
break;
}
cgexpr(c, e, *locals);
int base = off + idx * esz;
if (is_str_el) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_BP, base + 8));
} else {
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base));
}
last = e;
idx++;
}
if (repeat && last) {
/* fill remaining slots with the value still in
* AX (and BX for str). */
while (idx < (int)lu->alen) {
int base = off + idx * esz;
if (is_str_el) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
amem(D_BP, base + 8));
} else {
ins2(c, op, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, base));
}
idx++;
}
}
break;
}
/* Struct ident copy: `let p2: T = p1;` where T is a struct
* >8B and rhs is a local ident. Pre-fix the path fell
* through to the `sz == 8` test (false) and emitted
* nothing — the dst slot read whatever the stack held,
* presenting as a silent zero copy on a fresh frame.
* Per-qword MOVQ from src slot to dst slot, with a sized
* tail (MOVL/MOVB) for natural sizes that aren't
* 8-aligned (e.g. `struct { i32, i32, i32 }` is 12B).
* Mirrors the slot-to-slot copy in cg_widen_tagged_store
* for a TY_STRUCT payload (Task #32). */
if (n->rhs && n->rhs->kind == N_IDENT && lu
&& lu->kind == TY_STRUCT && sz > 8) {
Local *src_l = NULL;
for (Local *l = *locals; l; l = l->next)
if (strcmp(l->name, n->rhs->str) == 0) {
src_l = l; break;
}
if (src_l) {
int soff = src_l->off;
int k = 0;
while (k + 8 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, soff + k), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, off + k));
k += 8;
}
if (k < sz) {
int tail = sz - k;
int lop = (tail == 4) ? A_MOVL :
(tail == 1) ? A_MOVB : A_MOVQ;
ins2(c, lop,
amem(D_BP, soff + k), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, lop, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, off + k));
}
break;
}
}
if (n->rhs && sz == 8) {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
if (isf) {
int mov = isf32 ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov, areg(D_X0), amem(D_BP, off));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
}
} else if (sz == 8) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), amem(D_BP, off));
} else if (!n->rhs && sz > 8 && lu && lu->kind != TY_ARRAY) {
/* `let x: T;` with no rhs for a multi-word composite
* (str/slice/tuple/struct/tagged). Zero the slot so
* reads after the bare let see {0...} rather than
* whatever the stack already held. Arrays keep the
* per-index-write contract — leave them uninit. */
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
int zi = 0;
while (zi + 8 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, off + zi));
zi += 8;
}
while (zi + 4 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVL, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, off + zi));
zi += 4;
}
while (zi < sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVB, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, off + zi));
zi += 1;
}
}
/* arrays left uninitialised — caller writes via index */
break;
}
case N_RETURN:
/* run all defers in reverse before the actual return */
for (int di = ndefers - 1; di >= 0; di--)
cgexpr(c, defers[di], *locals);
/* If the function returns a tagged union and the value is
* one of the variant types, wrap into (tag, value). If rhs
* already produces a tagged union (e.g. forwarding another
* fallible call), pass it through unchanged.
*
* Tagged-return ABI: AX=tag, DX=value0[, CX=value1]. CX is
* only meaningful when the union has a >8B variant (e.g.
* str, where ptr→DX and len→CX).
*
* Bare `return;` from a tagged-union-returning function: this
* is producing the void variant. Emit its tag; the payload is
* undefined (void has size 0). */
if (n->lhs == NULL && cg_ret_type) {
Type *rt = cg_ret_type;
if (rt->kind == TY_NAMED) rt = rt->under;
if (rt && rt->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
if (rt->nullable) {
/* bare `return;` is the void/null
* variant: emit AX = 0. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
} else {
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(rt, ty_void);
if (tag < 0) tag = 0;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag), areg(D_AX));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
}
}
if (n->lhs && cg_ret_type) {
Type *rt = cg_ret_type;
if (rt->kind == TY_NAMED) rt = rt->under;
if (rt && rt->kind == TY_TAGGED) {
Type *vt = n->lhs->type;
Type *vu = (vt && vt->kind == TY_NAMED)
? vt->under : vt;
int istagged = vu && vu->kind == TY_TAGGED;
int passthrough = istagged && (vu == rt ||
type_eq(vt, cg_ret_type));
int isstruct = vu && vu->kind == TY_STRUCT;
if (rt->nullable) {
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
} else if (passthrough) {
/* same tagged type: forward AX/DX/CX. */
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
} else if (!istagged && !isstruct) {
/* str / slice / scalar variant: synthesise
* the tag in AX and shuffle the value into
* DX[/CX[/R8]]. Direct register path keeps
* the asm short — no scratch slot.
* Tagged-return ABI: AX=tag, DX=word0,
* CX=word1, R8=word2. Slice payload uses
* all four; str uses three; scalar uses
* two. Unused ABI words must still be
* zeroed because the receiver
* (cg_widen_tagged_store call-source arm)
* writes AX/DX/CX/R8 unconditionally sized
* by the dst slot; stale CX/R8 from the
* caller (e.g. a slice-stride IMULQ) would
* land in slot+16 / slot+24. (Task #18.) */
int tag = cg_tag_for_variant(rt, vt);
int rsz = (int)rt->size;
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
if (type_isslice(vt)) {
/* cgexpr leaves (AX=ptr, BX=len,
* CX=cap). Move into the return
* shuffle: DX=ptr, CX=len, R8=cap. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX),
areg(D_R8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_DX));
} else if (type_isstr(vt)) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_DX));
/* str fills DX,CX. Zero R8 if dst
* slot covers slot+24. */
if (rsz > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0),
areg(D_R8));
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
areg(D_DX));
/* scalar fills DX only. Zero
* CX / R8 if dst slot covers
* slot+16 / slot+24. */
if (rsz > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0),
areg(D_CX));
if (rsz > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0),
areg(D_R8));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(tag < 0 ? 0 : tag),
areg(D_AX));
} else {
/* Struct variant or tagged-subset:
* materialise the widened value in a
* scratch slot, then load AX/DX/CX/R8
* from the slot. Struct literal: field
* stores; struct ident: word copy;
* tagged subset: copy + tag remap.
* 4th word in R8 covers slice payload
* variants (slot >= 32B).
*
* Single-slot @retscr (#14): returns are
* terminal, so all retscr uses in this fn
* share one slot. Pre-fix per-site fresh
* allocation over-grew the frame by sz
* bytes per extra return. */
int sz = (int)rt->size;
int scr;
if (cg_retscr != 0) {
scr = cg_retscr;
} else {
/* STATUS-3 #15: use the fixed
* "@retscr" SSoT name (mirrors
* wwstage's c.retscroff pattern in
* selfhost/cmd/wcc/cgen.ww). Pre-
* fix mklabel(c, "retscr") consumed
* one labelseq counter slot per
* function with a tagged return,
* pushing every subsequent ct/ce/
* else/end label 1 ahead of wwstage.
* Site 1 sentinel masked by latent
* struct-widen offset divergence
* (STATUS-3 #20/#21); fix is
* preventive symmetry per rule 10. */
scr = local_alloc(c, locals,
"@retscr", sz, cg_frame);
cg_retscr = scr;
}
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
for (int k = 0; k < sz; k += 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + k));
cg_widen_tagged_store(c, locals, rt,
n->lhs, D_BP, scr, sz);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, scr + 0),
areg(D_AX));
if (sz > 8)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, scr + 8),
areg(D_DX));
if (sz > 16)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, scr + 16),
areg(D_CX));
if (sz > 24)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, scr + 24),
areg(D_R8));
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
}
}
/* sret return (#23): plain TY_STRUCT >24B. Callee writes
* the value through `*(@sretarg)` (the caller-prealloc
* dest passed in RDI at entry; saved to @sretarg in the
* prologue), then loads @sretarg into RAX and rets — the
* SysV sret discipline of "return the pointer". No
* AX/DX/CX shuffle, no scratch slot beyond @sretarg. */
if (n->lhs && cg_ret_type && cg_sret_arg_off != 0) {
Type *rt = cg_ret_type;
if (rt->kind == TY_NAMED) rt = rt->under;
/* sret return-forwarding (task #9 follow-up to #23):
* `return f();` where outer + inner both return the
* same >24B struct shape. Outer's @sretarg already
* holds its caller's prealloc dest; pass it to inner
* in RDI (set by cgcall via cg_sret_forward), inner
* writes directly there, inner's RAX (dest pointer)
* is already outer's return value. The trailing
* MOVQ @sretarg(BP), AX is redundant after inner's
* RET but kept for byte-id symmetry with the
* N_IDENT / N_STRUCTLIT arms below. */
if (rt && rt->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& (int)rt->size > 24
&& n->lhs->kind == N_CALL) {
cg_sret_forward = 1;
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, cg_sret_arg_off),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
}
if (rt && rt->kind == TY_STRUCT
&& (int)rt->size > 24
&& (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT
|| n->lhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT)) {
/* Natural size = max(foff + fsz) over declared
* fields; mirrors selfhost cgenutil.ww
* structnaturalsize / sretretsize. Pre-fix this
* used the slot-padded rt->size, so a trailing
* narrow field (e.g. bool@32 in a 33B struct
* padded to 40B) widened to an 8B MOVQ at the
* loop tail — diverged from wwstage's MOVB
* tail. Task #33, Class A. */
int sz = 0;
for (Tfield *fl = rt->fields; fl; fl = fl->next) {
int end = (int)fl->offset + (int)(fl->type
? fl->type->size : 8);
if (end > sz) sz = end;
}
if (n->lhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
/* Delegate to the shared *-relative
* fill helper. Same store sequence the
* ≤24B path emits, but the base reg is
* reloaded from @sretarg(BP) before each
* field store. Mirrors DST_PTR_LOCAL
* usage at N_ASSIGN N_DOT via_ptr. */
cg_structlit_fill(c, locals, rt,
n->lhs, DST_PTR_LOCAL,
cg_sret_arg_off, NULL, 0);
} else {
/* N_IDENT: word-copy from rhs slot to
* *(@sretarg). Whole 8B words via MOVQ;
* trailing partial words via MOVL/MOVB
* so the read stays inside the source
* slot's declared size. */
int rhsoff = localfind(*locals,
n->lhs->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, cg_sret_arg_off),
areg(D_BX));
int k = 0;
while (k + 8 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, rhsoff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, k));
k += 8;
}
while (k + 4 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVL,
amem(D_BP, rhsoff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVL, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, k));
k += 4;
}
while (k < sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVB,
amem(D_BP, rhsoff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVB, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BX, k));
k += 1;
}
}
/* sret return: RAX = dest pointer. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, cg_sret_arg_off), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
}
}
/* Whole-struct return for sizes ≤24B. ABI: AX=bytes[0..7],
* DX=bytes[8..15], CX=bytes[16..23]. Sizes >24B route
* through the sret arm above. Materialise rhs into a
* zero-padded 24B scratch slot, then emit AX/DX/CX loads
* unconditionally so the instruction shape is constant
* regardless of declared struct size. The receive side
* masks via the dst slot's declared size. Two rhs shapes
* are wired: N_IDENT (word-copy from rhs local slot) and
* N_STRUCTLIT (field-by-field store at scratch+foff). Call-
* result chain return is deferred to #5's receive side. */
if (n->lhs && cg_ret_type) {
Type *rt = cg_ret_type;
if (rt->kind == TY_NAMED) rt = rt->under;
if (rt && rt->kind == TY_STRUCT && rt->size <= 24
&& (n->lhs->kind == N_IDENT
|| n->lhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT)) {
int sz = (int)rt->size;
/* Single-slot @retscr (#14): see tagged arm
* above for rationale. STATUS-3 #15: fixed
* "@retscr" name avoids bumping labelseq;
* mirrors wwstage's c.retscroff SSoT. */
int scr;
if (cg_retscr != 0) {
scr = cg_retscr;
} else {
scr = local_alloc(c, locals, "@retscr",
24, cg_frame);
cg_retscr = scr;
}
ins2(c, A_XORQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + 16));
if (n->lhs->kind == N_STRUCTLIT) {
/* Delegate to the shared BP-relative
* fill helper. Same store sequence the
* inline pre-#17 walk emitted, plus
* nested struct-typed structlit values
* recurse instead of dropping the
* trailing bytes. */
cg_structlit_fill_bp(c, locals, rt,
n->lhs, scr);
} else {
/* N_IDENT: word-copy rhs slot into
* scratch. Whole 8B words via MOVQ;
* trailing partial word via MOVL/MOVB
* so we read no further than the
* source slot's declared size. */
int rhsoff = localfind(*locals,
n->lhs->str);
int k = 0;
while (k + 8 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
amem(D_BP, rhsoff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + k));
k += 8;
}
while (k + 4 <= sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVL,
amem(D_BP, rhsoff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVL, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + k));
k += 4;
}
while (k < sz) {
ins2(c, A_MOVB,
amem(D_BP, rhsoff + k),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVB, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, scr + k));
k += 1;
}
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, scr + 0),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, scr + 8),
areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, scr + 16),
areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
}
}
if (n->lhs && node_isstr(n->lhs)) {
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals); /* AX=ptr, BX=len */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_DX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
}
if (n->lhs && n->lhs->kind == N_TUPLE) {
/* 2-tuple ABI:
* (scalar, scalar) — AX = e0, DX = e1. (16B, fits SysV.)
* (scalar, str) — AX = scalar elem,
* DX = str.ptr, CX = str.len. (24B custom.)
* (str, scalar) — same regs, type-keyed not position-keyed.
*
* The 24B convention mirrors the existing tagged-union return
* (AX:DX:CX); receive sites destructure off the same regs. */
Node *e0 = n->lhs->list;
Node *e1 = e0 ? e0->next : NULL;
if (e1 && e1->next == NULL) {
int e0_is_str = node_isstr(e0);
int e1_is_str = node_isstr(e1);
if (e0_is_str ^ e1_is_str) {
Node *strn = e0_is_str ? e0 : e1;
Node *scaln = e0_is_str ? e1 : e0;
cgexpr(c, scaln, *locals); /* AX = scalar */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, strn, *locals); /* AX=ptr, BX=len */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_DX));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_AX));
} else {
cgexpr(c, e1, *locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_AX));
cgexpr(c, e0, *locals);
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_DX));
}
} else {
/* >2-tuple not yet implemented; fall back to first elem */
if (e0) cgexpr(c, e0, *locals);
else cgexpr_int(c, 0);
}
} else if (n->lhs) {
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
} else {
cgexpr_int(c, 0);
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
break;
case N_IF: {
char *els = mklabel(c, "else");
char *end = mklabel(c, "end");
cgexpr(c, n->cond, *locals);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(n->els ? els : end));
cgstmt(c, n->body, locals, frame);
if (n->els) {
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(end));
label(c, els);
cgstmt(c, n->els, locals, frame);
}
label(c, end);
break;
}
case N_FORRANGE: {
/* Lower `for (let x .. s) body` (and its tuple-destructure
* cousin `for (let (a, b) .. s)`). The body is wrapped in a
* counted loop driven by stack-spilled `_i`/`_len`. Each
* iteration computes the element address `s.ptr + i*esz`
* and either loads the whole element into the named local
* or pulls each tuple field into its respective local. */
Node *slc = n->lhs;
Type *st = slc ? slc->type : NULL;
Type *u = (st && st->kind == TY_NAMED) ? st->under : st;
int esz = (u && u->sub) ? (int)u->sub->size : 1;
Type *etu = (u && u->sub && u->sub->kind == TY_NAMED)
? u->sub->under : (u ? u->sub : NULL);
int destruct = (n->list != NULL);
/* allocate temp slots: _i (8B), _len (8B) */
char *iname = aprintf(c->a, ".rgi_%d", c->labelseq++);
char *lname = aprintf(c->a, ".rgl_%d", c->labelseq++);
int ioff = localoff(c, locals, iname, 8, frame);
int loff = localoff(c, locals, lname, 8, frame);
/* allocate per-name slots */
struct { int off, sz, foff; Type *ftype; } binds[8] = {0};
int nbinds = 0;
if (destruct) {
Tparam *tp = (etu && etu->kind == TY_TUPLE) ?
etu->params : NULL;
int field_off = 0;
for (Node *nm = n->list; nm && nbinds < 8; nm = nm->next) {
int fsz = tp && tp->type ? (int)tp->type->size : 8;
int slot_sz = (fsz < 8) ? 8 : fsz;
binds[nbinds].sz = fsz;
binds[nbinds].foff = field_off;
binds[nbinds].ftype = tp ? tp->type : NULL;
binds[nbinds].off = localoff(c, locals,
nm->str, slot_sz, frame);
field_off += fsz;
nbinds++;
if (tp) tp = tp->next;
}
} else {
int slot_sz = (esz < 8) ? 8 : esz;
binds[0].off = localoff(c, locals, n->str, slot_sz, frame);
binds[0].sz = esz;
binds[0].foff = 0;
binds[0].ftype = u ? u->sub : NULL;
nbinds = 1;
}
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), amem(D_BP, ioff));
if (u && (u->kind == TY_SLICE || u->kind == TY_STR)
&& slc->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(*locals, slc->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff + 8), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, loff));
} else if (u && u->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm((long long)u->alen),
amem(D_BP, loff));
} else {
cgexpr(c, slc, *locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, loff));
}
char *loop = mklabel(c, "rloop");
char *end = mklabel(c, "rend");
char *natural_exit = end;
if (n->els) natural_exit = mklabel(c, "relseloop");
if (nloops < LOOP_MAX) {
loop_cont[nloops] = loop;
loop_brk[nloops] = end;
nloops++;
}
label(c, loop);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, ioff), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, loff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JGE, abranch(natural_exit));
/* compute element base: s.ptr + i*esz → BX */
if (esz > 1) {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(esz), areg(D_CX));
ins2(c, A_IMULQ, areg(D_CX), areg(D_AX));
}
if (slc->kind == N_IDENT && u && u->kind == TY_ARRAY) {
int boff = localfind(*locals, slc->str);
ins2(c, A_LEAQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
} else if (slc->kind == N_IDENT) {
int boff = localfind(*locals, slc->str);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, boff), areg(D_BX));
}
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, areg(D_AX), areg(D_BX));
/* load each binding from BX + foff into its slot */
for (int b = 0; b < nbinds; b++) {
int op = fldloadop(binds[b].ftype, binds[b].sz);
ins2(c, op, amem(D_BX, binds[b].foff), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, binds[b].off));
}
cgstmt(c, n->body, locals, frame);
ins2(c, A_ADDQ, aimm(1), amem(D_BP, ioff));
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(loop));
if (n->els) {
label(c, natural_exit);
cgstmt(c, n->els, locals, frame);
}
label(c, end);
if (nloops > 0) nloops--;
break;
}
case N_FOR: {
char *loop = mklabel(c, "loop");
char *end = mklabel(c, "endloop");
/* `else` runs at normal cond-false exit; break skips it.
* Separate the natural exit label from the break target so
* the else block sits between them. */
char *natural_exit = end;
if (n->els) natural_exit = mklabel(c, "elseloop");
if (n->lhs) cgstmt(c, n->lhs, locals, frame);
label(c, loop);
if (n->cond) {
cgexpr(c, n->cond, *locals);
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(natural_exit));
}
if (nloops < LOOP_MAX) {
loop_cont[nloops] = loop;
loop_brk[nloops] = end;
nloops++;
}
cgstmt(c, n->body, locals, frame);
if (nloops > 0) nloops--;
if (n->rhs) cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(loop));
if (n->els) {
label(c, natural_exit);
cgstmt(c, n->els, locals, frame);
}
label(c, end);
break;
}
case N_MLET: {
/* eval rhs; consume the per-type return-ABI registers.
* (scalar, scalar) — AX → l0, DX → l1.
* (scalar, str) — AX → scalar slot, (DX, CX) → str slot
* as (.ptr, .len). Position-agnostic.
* Local sizing comes from each l->type so the str slot gets
* the full 16B; without this, only DX would land and the
* len half (CX) would have nowhere to go. */
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
Node *l0 = n->list;
Node *l1 = l0 ? l0->next : NULL;
Type *t0 = l0 ? l0->type : NULL;
Type *t1 = l1 ? l1->type : NULL;
Type *u0 = (t0 && t0->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t0->under : t0;
Type *u1 = (t1 && t1->kind == TY_NAMED) ? t1->under : t1;
int s0_is_str = u0 && u0->kind == TY_STR;
int s1_is_str = u1 && u1->kind == TY_STR;
if (l0 && l1 && (s0_is_str ^ s1_is_str)) {
int sz0 = s0_is_str ? 16 : 8;
int sz1 = s1_is_str ? 16 : 8;
int off0 = localoff(c, locals, l0->str, sz0, frame);
int off1 = localoff(c, locals, l1->str, sz1, frame);
if (s0_is_str) {
/* l0 is str: ptr=DX, len=CX. l1 is scalar: l1 = AX. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off0 + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, off0 + 8));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off1));
} else {
/* l0 is scalar; l1 is str. */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off1 + 0));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_CX), amem(D_BP, off1 + 8));
}
break;
}
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_DX)); /* save 2nd while we store 1st */
if (l0) {
int off = localoff(c, locals, l0->str, 8, frame);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
}
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_DX));
if (l1) {
int off = localoff(c, locals, l1->str, 8, frame);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off));
}
break;
}
case N_MASSIGN: {
cgexpr(c, n->rhs, *locals);
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_DX));
Node *l0 = n->list;
Node *l1 = l0 ? l0->next : NULL;
if (l0 && l0->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(*locals, l0->str);
if (off != 0)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, off));
}
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_DX));
if (l1 && l1->kind == N_IDENT) {
int off = localfind(*locals, l1->str);
if (off != 0)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DX), amem(D_BP, off));
}
break;
}
case N_DEFER:
if (ndefers < DEFER_MAX) {
defers[ndefers++] = n->lhs;
}
break;
case N_YIELD:
/* Evaluate the value into AX, then jump to the enclosing
* match's end label. str-typed yields land in (AX, BX);
* the consumer's let-init or call-arg site reads both. */
if (n->lhs) cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals);
if (nyields > 0)
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(yield_target[nyields - 1]));
break;
case N_BREAK:
if (nloops > 0)
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(loop_brk[nloops - 1]));
break;
case N_CONTINUE:
if (nloops > 0)
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(loop_cont[nloops - 1]));
break;
case N_SWITCH: {
/* Lower to a chain of compares. Scrutinee lands in a fresh
* local slot so case bodies can spill through SP without
* losing it. Cases are tried top-to-bottom; a `case:` arm
* with no exprs is the default and runs after all named
* arms fail. */
char *swname = aprintf(c->a, ".sw_%d", c->labelseq++);
int sloff = localoff(c, locals, swname, 8, frame);
cgexpr(c, n->lhs, *locals); /* AX = scrutinee */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX), amem(D_BP, sloff));
char *end = mklabel(c, "swend");
Node *defcase = NULL;
for (Node *cs = n->list; cs; cs = cs->next) {
if (cs->list == NULL) {
defcase = cs; /* save for last */
continue;
}
char *body = mklabel(c, "swcase");
char *next = mklabel(c, "swnext");
for (Node *e = cs->list; e; e = e->next) {
cgexpr(c, e, *locals); /* AX = case-expr */
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, sloff), areg(D_BX));
ins2(c, A_CMPQ, areg(D_BX), areg(D_AX));
ins1(c, A_JE, abranch(body));
}
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(next));
label(c, body);
cgstmt(c, cs->body, locals, frame);
ins1(c, A_JMP, abranch(end));
label(c, next);
}
if (defcase)
cgstmt(c, defcase->body, locals, frame);
label(c, end);
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
static void
cgfn(Cg *c, FILE *out, Node *fn)
{
if (fn->body == NULL) return; /* extern decl, no body */
/* fresh per-fn state */
c->head = c->tail = NULL;
c->fnname = fn->str;
c->cur_mod = (fn->module && fn->module[0]) ? fn->module : NULL;
c->labelseq = 0;
cg_stack_arg_cursor = 0;
ndefers = 0;
nloops = 0;
cg_ret_type = fn->type ? fn->type->ret : NULL;
cg_retscr = 0;
cg_tagbase = 0;
cg_tagbase_sz = 0;
cg_tagscr = 0;
cg_tagscr_sz = 0;
cg_sret_arg_off = 0;
cg_sret_dest_off = 0;
cg_sretscr_off = 0;
cg_sretscr_sz = 0;
cg_sret_forward = 0;
int frame = 0;
Local *locals = NULL;
cg_frame = &frame;
/* TEXT directive comes first; framesize is filled at the end. */
Prog *text = newprog(c, A_TEXT);
/* Mangle the label using the fn's own module as the hint — picks
* the right entry when multiple modules export the same leaf. */
text->to = mafn(c, fn->str, c->cur_mod);
text->from.offset = 0; /* framesize patched below */
emit(c, text);
/* prologue */
ins1(c, A_PUSHQ, areg(D_BP));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_SP), areg(D_BP));
Prog *subsp = newprog(c, A_SUBQ);
subsp->from = aimm(0);
subsp->to = areg(D_SP);
emit(c, subsp);
/* sret discipline (#23): plain TY_STRUCT return > 24B consumes
* RDI as a hidden first-arg dest pointer. Spill it to @sretarg
* before the user-param loop so cgreturn can write through it,
* and start the user-arg register counter at 1 to shift every
* declared arg right by one (SI/DX/CX/R8/R9/+stack). */
if (cg_sret_retsize(cg_ret_type) > 0) {
cg_sret_arg_off = local_alloc(c, &locals, "@sretarg",
8, &frame);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_DI),
amem(D_BP, cg_sret_arg_off));
}
/* spill incoming arg registers to local slots. Slice params
* occupy 24 bytes; float params land in XMM0..7 (counted
* separately from integer DI/SI/DX/CX/R8/R9). */
int argi = (cg_sret_arg_off != 0) ? 1 : 0;
int fargi = 0;
Tparam *tp = fn->type ? fn->type->params : NULL;
for (Node *p = fn->list; p; p = p->next) {
if (p->str == NULL || strcmp(p->str, "...") == 0) {
if (tp) tp = tp->next;
continue;
}
Type *pt = tp ? tp->type : NULL;
Type *pu = (pt && pt->kind == TY_NAMED) ? pt->under : pt;
int slice = (pu && pu->kind == TY_SLICE);
int is_str = type_isstr(pt);
int is_struct = pu && pu->kind == TY_STRUCT && pu->size <= 16;
int tagged_sz = tagged_arg_size(pt);
int is_tagged = tagged_sz > 0;
int isf = cg_isfloat(pt);
/* Args overflowing register classes live at positive offsets
* from BP (16 + i*8). We register them as Locals at those
* offsets, no spill needed. */
int struct_eb = is_struct ? ((pu->size > 8) ? 2 : 1) : 0;
int tagged_eb = is_tagged ? (tagged_sz / 8) : 0;
int eightbytes = slice ? 3 :
(is_str ? 2 :
(is_struct ? struct_eb :
(is_tagged ? tagged_eb : 1)));
int regs_left = isf ? (8 - fargi) : (6 - argi);
if (regs_left >= eightbytes) {
int sz = slice ? 24 : (is_str ? 16 :
(is_struct ? (int)pu->size :
(is_tagged ? tagged_sz : 8)));
int off = localoff(c, &locals, p->str, sz, &frame);
if (slice || is_str || is_struct || is_tagged) {
for (int k = 0; k < eightbytes; k++, argi++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
areg(sysv_argregs[argi]),
amem(D_BP, off + k * 8));
} else if (isf) {
int mov = type_isf32(pt) ? A_MOVSS : A_MOVSD;
ins2(c, mov,
areg(sysv_fargregs[fargi]),
amem(D_BP, off));
fargi++;
} else {
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
areg(sysv_argregs[argi]),
amem(D_BP, off));
argi++;
}
} else if (eightbytes > 1 && regs_left > 0 &&
(slice || is_str || is_struct || is_tagged)) {
/* Multi-word arg that partially fits in regs: caller
* filled (regs_left) registers greedily, the rest spilled
* to stack at positive BP offsets. Stitch a single local
* slot from both sources so the body sees a contiguous
* value. Mirrors the SysV greedy reg fill the caller
* does. */
int sz = slice ? 24 : (is_str ? 16 :
(is_struct ? (int)pu->size :
(is_tagged ? tagged_sz : 8)));
int off = localoff(c, &locals, p->str, sz, &frame);
extern int cg_stack_arg_cursor;
int k = 0;
for (; k < regs_left; k++, argi++)
ins2(c, A_MOVQ,
areg(sysv_argregs[argi]),
amem(D_BP, off + k * 8));
for (; k < eightbytes; k++) {
int stack_off = 16 +
cg_stack_arg_cursor * 8;
cg_stack_arg_cursor++;
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, amem(D_BP, stack_off),
areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_AX),
amem(D_BP, off + k * 8));
}
} else {
/* stack-spilled. Access in place via positive BP offset. */
static int stack_arg_off;
(void)stack_arg_off;
Local *l = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *l);
l->name = p->str;
/* spilled args layout: each takes 8B (ptr/len/etc); we
* only support the simple case of plain int/float here. */
extern int cg_stack_arg_cursor;
l->off = 16 + cg_stack_arg_cursor * 8;
cg_stack_arg_cursor += eightbytes;
l->next = locals;
locals = l;
}
if (tp) tp = tp->next;
}
/* Iterate the fn body's statements directly rather than dispatching
* the outermost N_BLOCK through cgstmt — N_BLOCK now save/restores
* the locals head to scope inner shadows, but the function body is
* not "an inner block": defers (queued during the body) and the
* implicit-return epilogue both call cgexpr after this loop and
* resolve identifiers via localfind, so the body's locals must
* still be in *locals when we get there. */
if (fn->body && fn->body->kind == N_BLOCK) {
for (Node *s = fn->body->list; s; s = s->next)
cgstmt(c, s, &locals, &frame);
} else {
cgstmt(c, fn->body, &locals, &frame);
}
/* implicit return for void functions */
if (c->tail->as != A_RET) {
for (int di = ndefers - 1; di >= 0; di--)
cgexpr(c, defers[di], locals);
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, aimm(0), areg(D_AX));
ins2(c, A_MOVQ, areg(D_BP), areg(D_SP));
ins1(c, A_POPQ, areg(D_BP));
ins0(c, A_RET);
}
/* round frame to 16; patch SUBQ */
if (frame & 15) frame = (frame + 15) & ~15;
subsp->from.offset = frame;
text->from.offset = frame;
txt_emit(out, c->head);
}
/* Escape one byte for an asm string literal — the same rules
* emit_data and emit_defs already use. */
static void
emit_data_byte(FILE *out, u8 b)
{
if (b == '"' || b == '\\')
fprintf(out, "\\%c", b);
else if (b < 0x20 || b >= 0x7f)
fprintf(out, "\\x%02x", b);
else
fputc(b, out);
}
/* Emit `DIR NAME(SB),"<8 LE bytes of v>"`. Used for scalar `def`
* constants (DATA) and scalar `let` globals (DATAW). */
static void
emit_data_row(FILE *out, const char *dir, const char *name, u64 v)
{
fprintf(out, "%s %s(SB),\"", dir, name);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
emit_data_byte(out, (u8)((v >> (i * 8)) & 0xff));
fputs("\"\n", out);
}
/* Emit `DIR NAME(SB),"<sz zero bytes>"`. Used for top-level str/
* slice/struct lets without a baked-in initialiser — the slot is
* pre-zeroed and the program writes the real value at runtime. */
static void
emit_data_row_zero(FILE *out, const char *dir, const char *name, int sz)
{
fprintf(out, "%s %s(SB),\"", dir, name);
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
emit_data_byte(out, 0);
fputs("\"\n", out);
}
/* Emit DATAW directives for top-level mutable `let` decls.
*
* Scalar lets (8B): emit the literal value, or 0 if no init.
* Non-literal init: skip — undefined symbol surfaces at link time.
*
* str lets (16B): three init shapes are wired:
* - no rhs / `nil` / `""` → 16 zero bytes
* - `"literal"` (non-empty) → 8 zero placeholder + 8 LE len,
* plus DATAR patching the ptr
* half with the interned strlit's
* runtime VA at link time.
*
* Slice lets (24B): no-init only — the slot is zero. There's no
* literal slice syntax to honour, so this is the natural shape.
*
* Struct lets (size from Type.size): no-init only. */
static void
emit_lets(Cg *c, FILE *out, Node *file)
{
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_LET) continue;
if (d->str == NULL || d->str[0] == '\0') continue;
int sz = let_emit_size(d->type);
if (sz == 0) continue;
if (let_isfloat(d->type)) {
/* sz is 4 (f32) or 8 (f64). FLOATLIT init or zero. */
int isf32 = type_isf32(d->type);
u64 v = 0;
if (d->rhs != NULL) {
Node *r = d->rhs;
while (r != NULL && r->kind == N_CAST) r = r->lhs;
if (r == NULL) continue;
if (r->kind != N_FLOATLIT) continue;
if (isf32) {
union { float f; u32 u; } x;
x.f = (float)r->fval;
v = (u64)x.u;
} else {
union { double d; u64 u; } x;
x.d = r->fval;
v = x.u;
}
}
fprintf(out, "DATAW %s(SB),\"", mod_mangle(c, d->str));
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
emit_data_byte(out, (u8)((v >> (i * 8)) & 0xff));
fputs("\"\n", out);
continue;
}
if (sz == 8 && !let_isarray(d->type)) {
u64 v = 0;
if (d->rhs != NULL) {
Node *r = d->rhs;
while (r != NULL && r->kind == N_CAST) r = r->lhs;
if (r == NULL) continue;
/* Same helper as emit_defs (#24): widens
* the gate to cover N_UN(TK_MINUS/TILDE/PLUS,
* leaf) so `let x: i8 = -1i8;` and friends
* encode as sign-extended two's-complement
* bytes. emit_data_row writes 8 LE bytes
* so narrow signed types just naturally
* round-trip via the sign-extended u64. */
if (!fold_int_literal(r, &v)) continue;
}
emit_data_row(out, "DATAW", mod_mangle(c, d->str), v);
continue;
}
/* Strip leading casts on the rhs so a `nil: str` etc.
* reads the same as a bare nil. */
Node *r = NULL;
if (d->rhs != NULL) {
r = d->rhs;
while (r != NULL && r->kind == N_CAST) r = r->lhs;
if (r == NULL) continue;
}
/* str literal init: bake the interned label's address
* into the ptr half via a DATAR reloc, set the len half
* inline. */
if (sz == 16 && r != NULL && r->kind == N_STRLIT
&& r->strlen > 0) {
const char *lab = intern_strlit(c, r->str, r->strlen);
const char *sym = mod_mangle(c, d->str);
u64 v = r->strlen;
/* 16-byte payload: 8 zero placeholder + LE len. */
fprintf(out, "DATAW %s(SB),\"", sym);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) emit_data_byte(out, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
emit_data_byte(out, (u8)((v >> (i * 8)) & 0xff));
fputs("\"\n", out);
fprintf(out, "DATAR %s+0(SB),%s(SB)\n", sym, lab);
continue;
}
/* Array literal init: `let xs: [N]T = [v0, v1, ...];`. Walk
* elements in declaration order; each must reduce to an
* integer literal (casts are stripped). The trailing `...`
* repeat marker fills remaining slots with the last value.
* Falls through to zero-init if any element isn't a
* constant we can evaluate at emit time. */
if (r != NULL && r->kind == N_ARRLIT && let_isarray(d->type)) {
Type *u = type_unwrap(d->type);
int esz = (u && u->sub) ? (int)u->sub->size : 1;
int alen = (u) ? (int)u->alen : 0;
u64 *vals = amalloc(c->a, sizeof(u64) * (size_t)alen);
int idx = 0;
int ok = 1;
u64 last = 0;
int repeat = 0;
for (Node *e = r->list; e && idx < alen; e = e->next) {
if (e->kind == N_FIELD && e->str &&
strcmp(e->str, "...") == 0) {
repeat = 1;
break;
}
Node *ev = e;
while (ev && ev->kind == N_CAST) ev = ev->lhs;
if (ev == NULL) { ok = 0; break; }
/* Same helper as the scalar arm above —
* fold_int_literal covers N_UN over a leaf
* so signed-negative array elements (`-1i8`)
* encode as their two's-complement bytes
* once truncated to esz below. */
if (!fold_int_literal(ev, &last)) {
ok = 0;
break;
}
vals[idx++] = last;
}
if (ok) {
if (repeat) {
while (idx < alen) vals[idx++] = last;
} else {
while (idx < alen) vals[idx++] = 0;
}
fprintf(out, "DATAW %s(SB),\"",
mod_mangle(c, d->str));
for (int i = 0; i < alen; i++) {
u64 v = vals[i];
for (int b = 0; b < esz; b++) {
emit_data_byte(out,
(u8)((v >> (b * 8)) & 0xff));
}
}
fputs("\"\n", out);
continue;
}
/* fall through to zero-init */
}
/* Otherwise: zero-init. str accepts nil / ""; struct
* accepts no rhs at all; slice accepts nil; array with no
* literal init (or a non-constant one) zero-fills. */
if (r != NULL) {
int is_struct = let_isstruct(d->type);
int is_array = let_isarray(d->type);
int empty_str = (r->kind == N_STRLIT && r->strlen == 0);
if (is_struct) continue;
if (is_array) continue;
if (r->kind != N_NIL && !empty_str) continue;
}
emit_data_row_zero(out, "DATAW", mod_mangle(c, d->str), sz);
}
}
/* Emit DATA directives for top-level `def` constants whose value
* folds to an integer literal. The w6a side stores the bytes inside
* .text and accesses are RIP-relative.
*
* fold_int_literal (cmd/wcc/check.c) gates: int/rune literal,
* true/false/nil, and a unary +/-/~ over the same. `def NEG: i32 =
* -100;` arrives as N_UN(TK_MINUS, N_INTLIT) — the unary peel is
* exactly what the gate is for. Anything richer (sibling refs,
* arithmetic) falls through; emit_defs has no scope to resolve
* names. */
static void
emit_defs(Cg *c, FILE *out, Node *file)
{
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_DEF || d->rhs == NULL) continue;
u64 v;
if (!fold_int_literal(d->rhs, &v))
continue; /* not a fold-able literal constant */
fprintf(out, "DATA %s(SB),\"", mod_mangle(c, d->str));
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
unsigned b = (unsigned)((v >> (i * 8)) & 0xff);
if (b == '"' || b == '\\')
fprintf(out, "\\%c", b);
else if (b < 0x20 || b >= 0x7f)
fprintf(out, "\\x%02x", b);
else
fputc(b, out);
}
fputs("\"\n", out);
}
(void)c;
}
/* Collect str-typed `def`s so cgexpr N_IDENT can splice them inline.
* Walks past any leading cast on the rhs (e.g. `def x: error = "x": error;`
* shows up as N_CAST wrapping an N_STRLIT). */
static void
sdef_collect(Cg *c, Node *file)
{
(void)file;
sdefs = NULL;
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_DEF || d->rhs == NULL) continue;
Node *r = d->rhs;
while (r && r->kind == N_CAST) r = r->lhs;
if (r == NULL || r->kind != N_STRLIT) continue;
Sdef *s = amalloc(c->a, sizeof *s);
s->name = d->str;
s->mod = (d->module && d->module[0]) ? d->module : NULL;
s->bytes = r->str;
s->len = r->strlen;
s->next = sdefs;
sdefs = s;
}
}
/* Pre-intern strlits referenced from top-level `let` initialisers
* (e.g. `let g: str = "hello";`). Interning has to happen before
* emit_data walks the strlit list, but we don't want to reorder
* emit_data after emit_lets (the (DATA strlits, DATAW lets) section
* order is part of the byte-identity contract with the selfhost
* cgen). So this pass populates the strlit table; emit_lets later
* just looks up the label. */
static void
let_pre_intern(Cg *c, Node *file)
{
if (file == NULL) return;
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_LET) continue;
if (let_emit_size(d->type) != 16) continue;
Node *r = d->rhs;
while (r != NULL && r->kind == N_CAST) r = r->lhs;
if (r == NULL || r->kind != N_STRLIT) continue;
if (r->strlen == 0) continue;
(void)intern_strlit(c, r->str, r->strlen);
}
}
void
cg_file(Cg *c, FILE *out, Node *file)
{
if (file == NULL || file->kind != N_FILE) return;
ffi_collect(c, file);
mod_collect(c, file);
sdef_collect(c, file);
let_collect(c, file);
strlits = NULL;
strlit_seq = 0;
for (Node *d = file->list; d; d = d->next) {
if (d->kind != N_FNDECL) continue;
cgfn(c, out, d);
}
let_pre_intern(c, file);
emit_data(c, out);
emit_defs(c, out, file);
emit_lets(c, out, file);
}
void peephole(Cg *c) { (void)c; }
void regalloc_init(Cg *c) { (void)c; }