ww/cmd/ww/main.c

/*
 * ww — the user-facing driver. Plan 9 cc(1) / Hare hare(1) analogue.
 *
 * Pipeline:
 *    ww build foo.ww   →  w6c foo.ww > foo.s ; w6a foo.s > foo.o ;
 *                          w6l -o foo foo.o <runtime.o>
 *    ww run   foo.ww   →  build then exec ./foo
 *
 * Tool paths default to siblings of $0 (so a fresh build runs out of
 * out/bin/), and can be overridden with WW_W6C / WW_W6A / WW_W6L.
 */
#include "ww.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <libgen.h>

static const char *usage =
"usage: ww [-V] <subcommand> [args...]\n"
"  -V                print version and exit\n"
"  build  [path]     compile module to a static binary (path defaults to cwd)\n"
"  run    [path] ... build then exec, passing extra args to the program\n"
"  test   [path]     build and run *_test.ww in the module (path defaults to cwd)\n"
"  fmt    <path>     reformat ww source\n"
"  version           print version and exit\n"
"\n"
"  path forms:\n"
"    foo.ww          literal file\n"
"    foo             search cwd, -I dirs, then $WW_LIB for foo.ww or foo/foo.ww\n"
"    lib/foo         directory: build lib/foo/foo.ww\n"
"    .               build the cwd's <basename>.ww\n";

static char *self_dir;	/* directory containing this binary */

static const char *
toolpath(const char *envvar, const char *name)
{
	const char *p = getenv(envvar);
	if (p && p[0]) return p;
	static char buf[1024];
	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", self_dir, name);
	return strdup(buf);
}

static int
run(const char *cmd)
{
	int rc = system(cmd);
	if (rc == -1) return -1;
	if (WIFEXITED(rc)) return WEXITSTATUS(rc);
	return 1;
}

/* Set of imported module paths, kept on the heap. Used to break
 * cycles in `use` resolution. Linear because typical imports are
 * a handful per build. */
struct ImportSet {
	char **paths;
	int n, cap;
};

static int
import_seen(struct ImportSet *s, const char *path)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < s->n; i++)
		if (strcmp(s->paths[i], path) == 0) return 1;
	return 0;
}

static void
import_add(struct ImportSet *s, const char *path)
{
	if (s->n + 1 > s->cap) {
		s->cap = s->cap ? s->cap * 2 : 8;
		s->paths = realloc(s->paths, s->cap * sizeof *s->paths);
	}
	s->paths[s->n++] = strdup(path);
}

/* Translate dots in an `import` name to slashes for path lookup.
 * `encoding.utf8` → `encoding/utf8`. Mirrors Hare hare(1)'s
 * use-path → fs-path mapping (ref/hare/hare/module/srcs.ha:78
 * builds the same shape via path::push per ident part). */
static void
import_path_form(const char *name, char *out, size_t outsz)
{
	size_t i;
	for (i = 0; i + 1 < outsz && name[i] != '\0'; i++)
		out[i] = (name[i] == '.') ? '/' : name[i];
	out[i] = '\0';
}

/* try <dir>/<path>/ as a directory, then <dir>/<path>.ww as a file.
 * Sets *is_dir on hit. Symmetric with wwstage locatein for byte-id
 * driver output (rule 10). The legacy <dir>/<name>/<name>.ww form
 * was dropped in task #22 — directory-as-module enumeration replaces
 * it, mirroring ref/hare/hare/module/srcs.ha (Hare has no fallback
 * matching `foo/foo.ha`; a module IS the directory). */
static int
locate_import_in(const char *dir, const char *path_form, char *out,
    size_t outsz, int *is_dir)
{
	struct stat st;
	snprintf(out, outsz, "%s/%s", dir, path_form);
	if (stat(out, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
		*is_dir = 1;
		return 1;
	}
	snprintf(out, outsz, "%s/%s.ww", dir, path_form);
	if (access(out, 0) == 0) {
		*is_dir = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Walk a colon-separated dirlist trying to resolve `path_form`. Returns
 * 1 on the first hit and writes the concrete path + dir/file marker. */
static int
locate_import(const char *dirs, const char *path_form, char *out,
    size_t outsz, int *is_dir)
{
	const char *p = dirs;
	while (*p) {
		const char *e = strchr(p, ':');
		size_t n = e ? (size_t)(e - p) : strlen(p);
		if (n > 0 && n < outsz) {
			char dir[1024];
			if (n >= sizeof dir) n = sizeof dir - 1;
			memcpy(dir, p, n);
			dir[n] = '\0';
			if (locate_import_in(dir, path_form, out, outsz,
			    is_dir)) return 1;
		}
		if (!e) break;
		p = e + 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* memcmp-based string compare for qsort. Byte-wise total order is
 * locale-independent; rule-10 byte-id requires the two stages sort
 * the same way. (strcmp would work today but Hare-fidelity points
 * at memcmp via ref/hare/sort/cmp/cmp.ha:9.) */
static int
strs_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	const char *sa = *(const char *const *)a;
	const char *sb = *(const char *const *)b;
	return strcmp(sa, sb);
}

/* enumerate_dir_ww — collect *.ww names in `dirpath` excluding
 * *test.ww, sort byte-wise. Returns count; caller frees entries. */
static int
enumerate_dir_ww(const char *dirpath, char ***out_files)
{
	DIR *d = opendir(dirpath);
	if (d == NULL) { *out_files = NULL; return 0; }
	char **arr = NULL;
	int n = 0, cap = 0;
	struct dirent *ent;
	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
		const char *nm = ent->d_name;
		size_t nl = strlen(nm);
		if (nl <= 3) continue;
		if (strcmp(nm + nl - 3, ".ww") != 0) continue;
		/* skip "*test.ww" (no underscore — bytestest.ww
		 * ostest.ww utf8test.ww — Hare convention is _test.ha
		 * but ww corpus settled on the un-underscored shape). */
		if (nl >= 7 && strcmp(nm + nl - 7, "test.ww") == 0)
			continue;
		/* skip "*.combined.ww" — driver-generated concat
		 * artifacts (the previous build leaves them next to
		 * the source). They look like .ww but parse-erroring
		 * when re-included. */
		if (nl >= 12 && strcmp(nm + nl - 12, ".combined.ww") == 0)
			continue;
		if (n + 1 > cap) {
			cap = cap ? cap * 2 : 8;
			arr = realloc(arr, cap * sizeof *arr);
		}
		arr[n++] = strdup(nm);
	}
	closedir(d);
	if (n > 1) qsort(arr, n, sizeof *arr, strs_cmp);
	*out_files = arr;
	return n;
}

static void expand(FILE *out, const char *path, struct ImportSet *visited,
    const char *libdir);

/* Scan `path` for its first non-comment-non-blank line; if it starts
 * with `package <name>;` write the name into `out` (NUL-terminated)
 * and return 1, else 0. Strict-same-package enforcement (task #23
 * subset) is bundled here because the failure mode is dir-enum's
 * own — a non-dir-enum compilation unit cannot trigger it. Hare's
 * hare/module/srcs.ha:131 has the same constraint via the README
 * gate; we encode it as same-package across all enumerated files. */
static int
peek_package(const char *path, char *out, size_t outsz)
{
	FILE *in = fopen(path, "rb");
	if (in == NULL) return 0;
	char line[2048];
	int found = 0;
	while (fgets(line, sizeof line, in)) {
		const char *p = line;
		while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++;
		if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') continue;
		if (p[0] == '/' && p[1] == '/') continue;
		if (strncmp(p, "package ", 8) != 0
		    && strncmp(p, "package\t", 8) != 0) break;
		p += 8;
		while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++;
		size_t i = 0;
		while (i + 1 < outsz && ((p[i] >= 'a' && p[i] <= 'z')
		    || (p[i] >= 'A' && p[i] <= 'Z')
		    || p[i] == '_' || (p[i] >= '0' && p[i] <= '9')))
			out[i] = p[i], i++;
		out[i] = '\0';
		found = (i > 0);
		break;
	}
	fclose(in);
	return found;
}

/* expand_dir — enumerate <dirpath>/*.ww (skip *test.ww), byte-sort,
 * recurse into each. Mirrors ref/hare/hare/module/srcs.ha:183
 * `_findsrcs` minus tag handling. The visited set still keys on
 * concrete file paths so multi-file modules are pulled once.
 * Strict-same-package: all enumerated files must declare the same
 * `package <name>;` (task #23 subset; failure mode native to
 * dir-enum). */
static void
expand_dir(FILE *out, const char *dirpath, struct ImportSet *visited,
    const char *libdir)
{
	char **files = NULL;
	int n = enumerate_dir_ww(dirpath, &files);
	char dirpkg[128] = {0};
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		char fp[1024];
		snprintf(fp, sizeof fp, "%s/%s", dirpath, files[i]);
		char pkg[128];
		if (peek_package(fp, pkg, sizeof pkg)) {
			if (dirpkg[0] == '\0') {
				snprintf(dirpkg, sizeof dirpkg, "%s", pkg);
			} else if (strcmp(dirpkg, pkg) != 0) {
				fprintf(stderr,
				    "ww: %s: package %s differs from %s in same module dir %s\n",
				    fp, pkg, dirpkg, dirpath);
				exit(1);
			}
		}
		expand(out, fp, visited, libdir);
		free(files[i]);
	}
	free(files);
}

/* Recursively expand `path`: for each top-level `import IDENT;` we
 * find, resolve the import and expand it first, then append our own
 * bytes. Already-visited paths are skipped. Each source carries its
 * own `package <name>;` declaration (the parser stamps decls from
 * it). */
static void
expand(FILE *out, const char *path, struct ImportSet *visited,
    const char *libdir)
{
	if (import_seen(visited, path)) return;
	import_add(visited, path);

	FILE *in = fopen(path, "rb");
	if (in == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww: cannot read %s\n", path);
		return;
	}
	char line[2048];
	while (fgets(line, sizeof line, in)) {
		const char *p = line;
		while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++;
		if (strncmp(p, "import ", 7) != 0 && strncmp(p, "import\t", 7) != 0)
			continue;
		p += 7;
		while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++;
		char name[256] = {0};
		int j = 0;
		while ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') || (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
		    || *p == '_' || *p == '.' || (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9'))
			if (j + 1 < (int)sizeof name) name[j++] = *p++;
		if (j == 0) continue;
		char path_form[256];
		import_path_form(name, path_form, sizeof path_form);
		char ipath[1024];
		int is_dir = 0;
		if (!locate_import(libdir, path_form, ipath, sizeof ipath,
		    &is_dir))
			continue;	/* silently skip if not found */
		if (is_dir) expand_dir(out, ipath, visited, libdir);
		else        expand(out, ipath, visited, libdir);
	}

	rewind(in);
	int ch;
	while ((ch = fgetc(in)) != EOF) fputc(ch, out);
	fputc('\n', out);
	fclose(in);
}

static int
build_one(const char *src, int entry_is_dir, const char *out,
    const char *extra_includes, const char *extra_libs,
    const char *extra_libdirs)
{
	const char *c6 = toolpath("WW_W6C", "w6c");
	const char *a6 = toolpath("WW_W6A", "w6a");
	const char *l6 = toolpath("WW_W6L", "w6l");
	const char *libdir = getenv("WW_LIB");
	if (libdir == NULL || libdir[0] == 0) {
		static char libbuf[1024];
		snprintf(libbuf, sizeof libbuf, "%s/../lib", self_dir);
		libdir = libbuf;
	}
	const char *srcdir = getenv("WW_SRCLIB");
	static char srcbuf[1024];
	if (srcdir == NULL || srcdir[0] == 0) {
		/* in-tree default: ../../lib relative to bin/ */
		snprintf(srcbuf, sizeof srcbuf, "%s/../../lib", self_dir);
		if (access(srcbuf, 0) == 0) srcdir = srcbuf;
		else if (access("lib", 0) == 0) srcdir = "lib";
		else srcdir = libdir;
	}

	/* Compose the search path: source-file's directory first, then any
	 * -I dirs, then srcdir. The source-dir lead matches Hare's CWD-first
	 * convention (its `hare test` is run from the module dir, making CWD
	 * == module-dir); our wrappers don't cd, so dirname(src) is the
	 * closest analog. Also matches cc -I. — source-dir wins ties over
	 * the system path. locate_import walks left-to-right.
	 *
	 * For a dir entry the source-dir IS src; for a file entry it's
	 * the dirname. */
	char srcd[1024];
	if (entry_is_dir) {
		snprintf(srcd, sizeof srcd, "%s", src);
		size_t n = strlen(srcd);
		while (n > 1 && srcd[n-1] == '/') srcd[--n] = '\0';
	} else {
		const char *slash = strrchr(src, '/');
		if (slash) {
			size_t n = (size_t)(slash - src);
			if (n >= sizeof srcd) n = sizeof srcd - 1;
			memcpy(srcd, src, n);
			srcd[n] = '\0';
		} else {
			srcd[0] = '.';
			srcd[1] = '\0';
		}
	}
	static char searchpath[4096];
	if (extra_includes && extra_includes[0])
		snprintf(searchpath, sizeof searchpath, "%s:%s:%s",
		    srcd, extra_includes, srcdir);
	else
		snprintf(searchpath, sizeof searchpath, "%s:%s", srcd, srcdir);
	srcdir = searchpath;

	/* Derive a stem for .s/.o/.combined.ww side files. For a file
	 * entry strip the .ww. For a dir entry use <dir>/<basename(dir)>
	 * so artifacts land inside the module directory. */
	char stem[1024];
	if (entry_is_dir) {
		const char *b = strrchr(srcd, '/');
		const char *base = b ? b + 1 : srcd;
		snprintf(stem, sizeof stem, "%s/%s", srcd, base);
	} else {
		snprintf(stem, sizeof stem, "%s", src);
		char *dot = strrchr(stem, '.');
		if (dot && strcmp(dot, ".ww") == 0) *dot = '\0';
	}

	char asmf[1024], obj[1024], combined[1024];
	snprintf(asmf, sizeof asmf, "%s.s", stem);
	snprintf(obj, sizeof obj, "%s.o", stem);
	snprintf(combined, sizeof combined, "%s.combined.ww", stem);

	/* Resolve imports by concatenating sources into a temp file. The
	 * compiler then sees one flat source. Dir entry → enumerate the
	 * module dir's *.ww (less *test.ww); file entry → start at the
	 * file. */
	{
		FILE *cf = fopen(combined, "wb");
		if (cf == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ww: cannot open %s\n", combined);
			return 1;
		}
		struct ImportSet visited = {0};
		if (entry_is_dir) expand_dir(cf, srcd, &visited, srcdir);
		else              expand(cf, src, &visited, srcdir);
		fclose(cf);
		for (int i = 0; i < visited.n; i++) free(visited.paths[i]);
		free(visited.paths);
	}

	char cmd[4096];
	snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "%s -o %s %s", c6, asmf, combined);
	if (run(cmd) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww: w6c failed\n");
		return 1;
	}
	snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "%s -o %s %s", a6, obj, asmf);
	if (run(cmd) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww: w6a failed\n");
		return 1;
	}
	/* Link runtime: prefer libwwrt.a (selective archive pull) but
	 * fall back to start.o + syscall.o in the in-tree obj/ dir if
	 * we're running uninstalled. */
	char rtargs[2048] = {0};
	char path[1024];
	snprintf(path, sizeof path, "%s/libwwrt.a", libdir);
	if (access(path, 0) == 0) {
		snprintf(rtargs, sizeof rtargs, "%s", path);
	} else {
		char a1[1024], a2[1024];
		snprintf(a1, sizeof a1, "%s/../obj/rt/start.o", self_dir);
		snprintf(a2, sizeof a2, "%s/../obj/rt/syscall.o", self_dir);
		snprintf(rtargs, sizeof rtargs, "%s %s", a1, a2);
	}
	/* -L<dir> goes before -l<name> so w6l can resolve the latter. */
	const char *libargs   = (extra_libs    && extra_libs[0])    ? extra_libs    : "";
	const char *libdirset = (extra_libdirs && extra_libdirs[0]) ? extra_libdirs : "";
	snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "%s -o %s %s %s%s%s%s%s",
	    l6, out, obj, rtargs,
	    libdirset[0] ? " " : "", libdirset,
	    libargs[0]   ? " " : "", libargs);
	if (run(cmd) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww: w6l failed\n");
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
do_version(void)
{
	printf("ww %s\n", WW_VERSION);
	return 0;
}

/* Compose the standard module search path: cwd : <extra-includes> : $WW_LIB
 * source dir. The `extra` string is colon-separated -I dirs from argv. */
static const char *
search_path(const char *extra, char *buf, size_t bufsz)
{
	const char *libdir = getenv("WW_SRCLIB");
	static char libbuf[1024];
	if (libdir == NULL || libdir[0] == 0) {
		libdir = getenv("WW_LIB");
	}
	if (libdir == NULL || libdir[0] == 0) {
		snprintf(libbuf, sizeof libbuf, "%s/../../lib", self_dir);
		if (access(libbuf, 0) == 0) libdir = libbuf;
		else if (access("lib", 0) == 0) libdir = "lib";
		else {
			snprintf(libbuf, sizeof libbuf, "%s/../lib", self_dir);
			libdir = libbuf;
		}
	}
	if (extra && extra[0])
		snprintf(buf, bufsz, ".:%s:%s", extra, libdir);
	else
		snprintf(buf, bufsz, ".:%s", libdir);
	return buf;
}

/* basename_no_ext: last path segment with any trailing ".ww" stripped. */
static void
basename_no_ext(const char *path, char *out, size_t outsz)
{
	const char *base = strrchr(path, '/');
	base = base ? base + 1 : path;
	snprintf(out, outsz, "%s", base);
	char *dot = strrchr(out, '.');
	if (dot && strcmp(dot, ".ww") == 0) *dot = '\0';
}

/* resolve_module: turn a name into a concrete entry path.
 *   foo.ww        → use as-is if it exists
 *   <existing dir> → returns the dir path (caller dir-enumerates)
 *   .             → cwd as a directory
 *   foo (bare)    → walk cwd:incs:WW_LIB; first hit is dir or file.
 * Sets *is_dir on hit. Dir resolution drives directory-as-module
 * enumeration in build_one. */
static int
resolve_module(const char *name, const char *incs, char *out, size_t outsz,
    int *is_dir)
{
	struct stat st;
	if (stat(name, &st) == 0) {
		if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
			snprintf(out, outsz, "%s", name);
			*is_dir = 0;
			return 1;
		}
		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
			snprintf(out, outsz, "%s", name);
			*is_dir = 1;
			return 1;
		}
	}
	char sp[4096];
	search_path(incs, sp, sizeof sp);
	char path_form[256];
	import_path_form(name, path_form, sizeof path_form);
	return locate_import(sp, path_form, out, outsz, is_dir);
}

/* Append `path` to a heap string-array. Caller frees each entry + the array. */
static void
strarr_push(char ***arr, int *n, int *cap, const char *path)
{
	if (*n + 1 > *cap) {
		*cap = *cap ? *cap * 2 : 8;
		*arr = realloc(*arr, *cap * sizeof **arr);
	}
	(*arr)[(*n)++] = strdup(path);
}

/* collect_tests: enumerate _test.ww files in <dir> (no recursion).
 * Returns 0 on success and writes the file list + count, -1 on failure. */
static int
collect_tests(const char *dir, char ***files, int *n)
{
	DIR *d = opendir(dir);
	if (!d) return -1;
	*files = NULL;
	*n = 0;
	int cap = 0;
	struct dirent *ent;
	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
		const char *nm = ent->d_name;
		size_t nl = strlen(nm);
		const char *suf = "_test.ww";
		size_t sl = strlen(suf);
		if (nl <= sl) continue;
		if (strcmp(nm + nl - sl, suf) != 0) continue;
		char path[1024];
		snprintf(path, sizeof path, "%s/%s", dir, nm);
		strarr_push(files, n, &cap, path);
	}
	closedir(d);
	return 0;
}

/* Parse the standard -I/-L/-l flags into incs/libdirs/libs. The first
 * non-flag positional becomes *src_out. Returns the index past the last
 * arg consumed for positionals (so callers can pick up trailing args). */
static int
parse_build_flags(int argc, char **argv,
    char *incs, size_t incsz,
    char *libdirs, size_t libdirsz,
    char *libs, size_t libsz,
    const char **src_out)
{
	*src_out = NULL;
	int i = 0;
	for (; i < argc; i++) {
		if (strncmp(argv[i], "-l", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2]) {
			size_t n = strlen(libs);
			snprintf(libs + n, libsz - n,
			    "%s%s", n ? " " : "", argv[i]);
		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-l") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
			size_t n = strlen(libs);
			snprintf(libs + n, libsz - n,
			    "%s-l%s", n ? " " : "", argv[++i]);
		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-L") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
			size_t n = strlen(libdirs);
			snprintf(libdirs + n, libdirsz - n,
			    "%s-L%s", n ? " " : "", argv[++i]);
		} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-L", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2]) {
			size_t n = strlen(libdirs);
			snprintf(libdirs + n, libdirsz - n,
			    "%s%s", n ? " " : "", argv[i]);
		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-I") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
			size_t n = strlen(incs);
			snprintf(incs + n, incsz - n,
			    "%s%s", n ? ":" : "", argv[++i]);
		} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-I", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2]) {
			size_t n = strlen(incs);
			snprintf(incs + n, incsz - n,
			    "%s%s", n ? ":" : "", argv[i] + 2);
		} else if (*src_out == NULL) {
			*src_out = argv[i];
		} else {
			break;	/* leave remaining argv to caller (run-args) */
		}
	}
	return i;
}

static int
do_build(int argc, char **argv)
{
	const char *src = NULL;
	char libs[2048]    = {0};
	char libdirs[2048] = {0};
	char incs[2048]    = {0};
	parse_build_flags(argc, argv, incs, sizeof incs,
	    libdirs, sizeof libdirs, libs, sizeof libs, &src);
	if (src == NULL) src = ".";	/* default: build cwd */
	char resolved[1024];
	int is_dir = 0;
	if (!resolve_module(src, incs, resolved, sizeof resolved, &is_dir)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww build: cannot find module %s\n", src);
		return 1;
	}
	char out[1024];
	if (is_dir) {
		char tmp[1024];
		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", resolved);
		size_t n = strlen(tmp);
		while (n > 1 && tmp[n-1] == '/') tmp[--n] = '\0';
		const char *b = strrchr(tmp, '/');
		snprintf(out, sizeof out, "%s", b ? b + 1 : tmp);
	} else {
		basename_no_ext(resolved, out, sizeof out);
	}
	return build_one(resolved, is_dir, out, incs, libs, libdirs);
}

static int
do_run(int argc, char **argv)
{
	const char *src = NULL;
	char libs[2048]    = {0};
	char libdirs[2048] = {0};
	char incs[2048]    = {0};
	int next = parse_build_flags(argc, argv, incs, sizeof incs,
	    libdirs, sizeof libdirs, libs, sizeof libs, &src);
	if (src == NULL) src = ".";
	char resolved[1024];
	int is_dir = 0;
	if (!resolve_module(src, incs, resolved, sizeof resolved, &is_dir)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww run: cannot find module %s\n", src);
		return 1;
	}
	char tmp[1024];
	snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "/tmp/ww_run_%d", getpid());
	if (build_one(resolved, is_dir, tmp, incs, libs, libdirs) != 0)
		return 1;
	/* exec the built binary with any trailing argv as its argv. */
	pid_t pid = fork();
	if (pid < 0) { perror("ww: fork"); unlink(tmp); return 1; }
	if (pid == 0) {
		int n_extra = argc - next;
		char **xargv = calloc((size_t)n_extra + 2, sizeof *xargv);
		xargv[0] = tmp;
		for (int i = 0; i < n_extra; i++) xargv[i+1] = argv[next + i];
		xargv[n_extra+1] = NULL;
		execv(tmp, xargv);
		perror("ww: exec");
		_exit(127);
	}
	int status = 0;
	waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
	unlink(tmp);
	if (WIFEXITED(status)) return WEXITSTATUS(status);
	return 1;
}

static int
do_test(int argc, char **argv)
{
	const char *target = (argc > 0) ? argv[0] : ".";
	struct stat st;
	if (stat(target, &st) != 0) {
		/* not a literal path — try module resolution and run as
		 * a single test program. */
		char resolved[1024];
		int is_dir = 0;
		if (!resolve_module(target, "", resolved, sizeof resolved,
		    &is_dir)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ww test: cannot find %s\n", target);
			return 1;
		}
		char tmp[1024];
		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "/tmp/ww_test_%d", getpid());
		if (build_one(resolved, is_dir, tmp, "", "", "") != 0) return 1;
		int rc = run(tmp);
		unlink(tmp);
		return rc;
	}
	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
		/* single .ww file — build+run it. */
		char tmp[1024];
		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "/tmp/ww_test_%d", getpid());
		if (build_one(target, 0, tmp, "", "", "") != 0) return 1;
		int rc = run(tmp);
		unlink(tmp);
		return rc;
	}
	if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww test: %s is neither file nor directory\n", target);
		return 1;
	}
	/* directory — run every *_test.ww inside. */
	char **files = NULL;
	int n = 0;
	if (collect_tests(target, &files, &n) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww test: cannot read directory %s\n", target);
		return 1;
	}
	if (n == 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ww test: no *_test.ww files in %s\n", target);
		return 1;
	}
	int pass = 0, fail = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		char tmp[1024];
		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "/tmp/ww_test_%d_%d", getpid(), i);
		const char *label = strrchr(files[i], '/');
		label = label ? label + 1 : files[i];
		int rc = build_one(files[i], 0, tmp, target, "", "");
		if (rc != 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "FAIL %s (build)\n", label);
			fail++;
		} else {
			int xrc = run(tmp);
			if (xrc == 0) {
				printf("ok   %s\n", label);
				pass++;
			} else {
				printf("FAIL %s (rc=%d)\n", label, xrc);
				fail++;
			}
		}
		unlink(tmp);
		free(files[i]);
	}
	free(files);
	printf("ww test: %d pass, %d fail\n", pass, fail);
	return fail == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}

static int
do_fmt(int argc, char **argv)
{
	(void)argc; (void)argv;
	fputs("ww: fmt: not implemented in this phase\n", stderr);
	return 1;
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	if (argc >= 1) {
		char buf[1024];
		snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s", argv[0]);
		self_dir = strdup(dirname(buf));
	}
	if (argc < 2) { fputs(usage, stderr); return 2; }
	const char *cmd = argv[1];
	if (strcmp(cmd, "-V") == 0 || strcmp(cmd, "version") == 0)
		return do_version();
	if (strcmp(cmd, "-h") == 0 || strcmp(cmd, "--help") == 0) {
		fputs(usage, stdout); return 0;
	}
	if (strcmp(cmd, "build") == 0) return do_build(argc - 2, argv + 2);
	if (strcmp(cmd, "run") == 0)   return do_run(argc - 2, argv + 2);
	if (strcmp(cmd, "test") == 0)  return do_test(argc - 2, argv + 2);
	if (strcmp(cmd, "fmt") == 0)   return do_fmt(argc - 2, argv + 2);
	fprintf(stderr, "ww: unknown subcommand: %s\n", cmd);
	fputs(usage, stderr);
	return 2;
}