popup: replace FreeType renderer with PangoCairo

2026-08-14 14:37:30 +09:00
parent 279b9230a4
commit 54355b8190
12 changed files with 349 additions and 266 deletions
--- a/6
+++ b/6
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 FROM archlinux:base@sha256:b0deabeb3d283da2c7f7dbf0eea051b7b2cd0554e0b737cc457fd21683bdcdd1

 RUN pacman -Syu --noconfirm --needed \
+	cairo \
+	fontconfig \
 	diffutils \
-	freetype2 \
 	gcc \
 	gtk3 \
+	harfbuzz \
 	libxcb \
 	libxkbcommon \
 	make \
+	noto-fonts-emoji \
+	pango \
 	pkgconf \
 	plan9port \
 	python \
--- a/8
+++ b/8
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ CC = 9c
 LD = 9l
 PKG_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags dbus-1 xkbcommon)
 PKG_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs dbus-1 xkbcommon)
-FT_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags freetype2)
-FT_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs freetype2)
+TEXT_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags 'pangocairo >= 1.56' 'cairo >= 1.18')
+TEXT_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs 'pangocairo >= 1.56' 'cairo >= 1.18')
 CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -O2 -g $(PKG_CFLAGS)
 PROG = strans
 DOCKER_IMAGE = strans-build
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
 all: $(PROG) xim gtk

 $(PROG): $(OBJS)
-	$(LD) -o $@ $(OBJS) -lthread -lbio -lxcb $(PKG_LIBS) $(FT_LIBS)
+	$(LD) -o $@ $(OBJS) -lthread -lbio -lxcb $(PKG_LIBS) $(TEXT_LIBS)

 $(OBJS): dat.h fn.h ipc.h
-font.o: CFLAGS += $(FT_CFLAGS)
+font.o: CFLAGS += $(TEXT_CFLAGS)

 clean:
 	rm -f $(OBJS) $(PROG)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -51,15 +51,24 @@ dependencies listed in [`Dockerfile`](Dockerfile) are installed.

 ## Run

-The popup needs one to four scalable font files. No fonts are bundled.
-`run.sh` uses installed DejaVu, Jigmo, or Noto CJK fonts when available, or
-accepts explicit files in fallback order:
+The popup needs one to four font files. No fonts are bundled. Each file is
+validated and registered with Pango as an application font. Pango shapes the
+complete string and chooses glyph fallback from those fonts and the normal
+system fonts; command-line file order is not an exact per-glyph fallback
+contract.
+
+`run.sh` uses installed Noto Color Emoji, DejaVu, Jigmo, or Noto CJK fonts when
+available, or accepts explicit files. Supply a color emoji font such as Noto
+Color Emoji to render emoji in color:

 ```sh
 ./run.sh
 ./run.sh /path/to/primary.ttf /path/to/fallback.ttc
 ```

+The popup renderer requires Pango/PangoCairo 1.56 or newer and Cairo 1.18 or
+newer.
+
 The script starts the daemon and, when `DISPLAY` is set, the XIM frontend. It
 restarts any existing `strans` processes owned by the current user.

--- a/docs/PROVENANCE.md
+++ b/docs/PROVENANCE.md
@@ -47,14 +47,20 @@ new SKK revision.
 ## Fonts

 No font binaries are bundled.  The daemon receives one to four font file paths
-on its command line and tries them in that order; it does not discover fonts by
-family name or directory contents.  `font/PROVENANCE` retains the exact
-checksums, source revisions, and license records for the three Noto faces that
-were formerly stored in the repository.
+on its command line, validates them, and registers them as Pango application
+fonts.  Pango shapes each complete string and selects glyph fallback from the
+registered fonts and the normal system font set.  Exact command-line file order
+is deliberately not promised: preserving it would require a separate
+Fontconfig policy alongside Pango's fallback.  `font/PROVENANCE` retains the
+exact checksums, source revisions, and license records for the three Noto faces
+that were formerly stored in the repository.

 The Docker renderer tests obtain their fonts from signed Arch packages rather
-than the source checkout.  On August 13, 2026 the tested package contract was:
+than the source checkout.  On August 14, 2026 the tested package contract was:

+- `noto-fonts-emoji` `1:2.051-1`, providing
+  `/usr/share/fonts/noto/NotoColorEmoji.ttf` (SHA-256
+  `72a635cb3d2f3524c51620cdde406b217204e8a6a06c6a096ff8ed4b5fd6e27b`);
 - `ttf-dejavu` `2.37+18+g9b5d1b2f-8`, providing
  `/usr/share/fonts/TTF/DejaVuSans.ttf` (SHA-256
  `6038a160b491e121c1f12c7bccb4a9c8730296e3adc1086a059404ed84b7451c`);
@@ -64,13 +70,14 @@ than the source checkout.  On August 13, 2026 the tested package contract was:
  and `/usr/share/fonts/TTF/Jigmo2.ttf` (SHA-256
  `5da3582efe77e22073b86b3b86b556d7111148a76b957cfb53318a91da2efff0`).

-Pacman validates the package checksums and repository signatures.  DejaVu Sans
-supplies ASCII and the monochrome U+1F600 outline in the tests; Jigmo supplies
-Hangul and BMP CJK, and Jigmo2 supplies U+2000B.  Their installed license files
-are `/usr/share/licenses/ttf-dejavu/LICENSE` and
-`/usr/share/licenses/ttf-jigmo/LICENSE.txt`; the packages identify their terms
-as the DejaVu custom license and CC0 1.0, respectively.  These packages are
-test fixtures, not names or paths hard-coded into the daemon.
+Pacman validates the package checksums and repository signatures.  Noto Color
+Emoji supplies the color and shaped-sequence coverage; DejaVu Sans supplies
+ASCII, Jigmo supplies Hangul and BMP CJK, and Jigmo2 supplies U+2000B.  Their
+installed license files are `/usr/share/licenses/noto-fonts-emoji/LICENSE`,
+`/usr/share/licenses/ttf-dejavu/LICENSE`, and
+`/usr/share/licenses/ttf-jigmo/LICENSE.txt`.  The packages identify their terms
+as OFL-1.1-no-RFN, the DejaVu custom license, and CC0 1.0, respectively.  These
+packages are test fixtures, not names or paths hard-coded into the daemon.

 ## Git submodules

--- a/fn.h
+++ b/fn.h
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ void	dictthread(void*);
 void	dictlookup(Dictreq*, Dictres*);

 void	drawthread(void*);
-int	popupcells(Rune*, int);
 void	popupposition(Caret*, int, int, int, int, int, int, int*, int*);
 void	imthread(void*);
 Emit	transmap(Im*, Rune);
@@ -44,5 +43,6 @@ void	ibusthread(void*);
 void*	emalloc(ulong);
 void*	erealloc(void*, ulong);

-int	fontinit(char**, int);
-void	putfont(u32int*, int, int, int, int, Rune);
+int	textinit(char**, int);
+int	textwidth(Str*);
+void	textdraw(u32int*, int, int, int, int, Str*);
--- a/font.c
+++ b/font.c
@@ -1,168 +1,166 @@
 #include "dat.h"
-#include <ft2build.h>
-#include FT_FREETYPE_H
+#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
 #include "fn.h"

-typedef struct Font Font;
-struct Font
+static PangoFontMap *fontmap;
+static PangoContext *context;
+static PangoLayout *layout;
+
+static void
+textclear(void)
 {
-	FT_Face face;
-	int base;
-};
-
-static FT_Library lib;
-static Font fonts[Maxfonts];
-static int nfonts;
-static u32int blendtab[2][256];
-
-static u32int
-blend(u32int bg, u32int fg, int a)
-{
-	int r, g, b, inv;
-
-	inv = 255 - a;
-	r = ((bg >> 16 & 0xff) * inv + (fg >> 16 & 0xff) * a) / 255;
-	g = ((bg >> 8 & 0xff) * inv + (fg >> 8 & 0xff) * a) / 255;
-	b = ((bg & 0xff) * inv + (fg & 0xff) * a) / 255;
-	return (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b;
-}
-
-static int
-loadfont(char *path)
-{
-	FT_Face face;
-	Font *f;
-	vlong height, pixels;
-
-	if(nfonts >= nelem(fonts))
-		return 0;
-	if(FT_New_Face(lib, path, 0, &face) != 0){
-		fprint(2, "strans: popup: can't load font: %s\n", path);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	height = (vlong)face->ascender - face->descender;
-	if(height <= 0 || face->units_per_EM == 0){
-		fprint(2, "strans: popup: invalid font metrics: %s\n", path);
-		FT_Done_Face(face);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	pixels = (vlong)Fontsz * face->units_per_EM / height;
-	if(pixels < 1)
-		pixels = 1;
-	if(FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(face, 0, pixels) != 0){
-		fprint(2, "strans: popup: can't size font: %s\n", path);
-		FT_Done_Face(face);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	f = &fonts[nfonts];
-	f->face = face;
-	f->base = (vlong)Fontsz * face->ascender / height;
-	nfonts++;
-	return 1;
+	if(layout != nil)
+		g_object_unref(layout);
+	if(context != nil)
+		g_object_unref(context);
+	if(fontmap != nil)
+		g_object_unref(fontmap);
+	layout = nil;
+	context = nil;
+	fontmap = nil;
 }

 static void
-clearfonts(void)
+setfont(void)
 {
-	int i;
+	PangoFontDescription *font;
+	PangoRectangle r;
+	int size;

-	for(i = 0; i < nfonts; i++){
-		FT_Done_Face(fonts[i].face);
-		fonts[i].face = nil;
+	font = pango_font_description_new();
+	pango_font_description_set_family(font, "sans");
+	pango_font_description_set_absolute_size(font, Fontsz * PANGO_SCALE);
+	pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, font);
+	pango_layout_set_text(layout, "Mg", -1);
+	pango_layout_get_pixel_extents(layout, nil, &r);
+	if(r.height > 0){
+		/* Fontsz is the popup row height, not a point size. */
+		size = Fontsz * PANGO_SCALE * Fontsz / r.height;
+		pango_font_description_set_absolute_size(font, max(size, PANGO_SCALE));
+		pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, font);
 	}
-	nfonts = 0;
+	pango_font_description_free(font);
 }

 int
-fontinit(char **path, int npath)
+textinit(char **path, int npath)
 {
-	int i, a;
+	GError *err;
+	int i;

-	if(path == nil || npath < 1 || npath > nelem(fonts)){
-		fprint(2, "strans: popup: need 1-%d font files\n", nelem(fonts));
-		clearfonts();
+	textclear();
+	if(path == nil || npath < 1 || npath > Maxfonts){
+		fprint(2, "strans: popup: need 1-%d font files\n", Maxfonts);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if(lib == nil && FT_Init_FreeType(&lib) != 0){
-		fprint(2, "strans: popup: can't initialize FreeType\n");
+	fontmap = pango_cairo_font_map_new();
+	if(fontmap == nil){
+		fprint(2, "strans: popup: can't initialize PangoCairo\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
-	clearfonts();
 	for(i = 0; i < npath; i++){
-		if(path[i] == nil || !loadfont(path[i])){
-			clearfonts();
+		if(path[i] == nil){
+			fprint(2, "strans: popup: invalid font file\n");
+			textclear();
+			return 0;
+		}
+		err = nil;
+		if(!pango_font_map_add_font_file(fontmap, path[i], &err)){
+			fprint(2, "strans: popup: can't register font: %s: %s\n",
+				path[i], err == nil ? "unknown error" : err->message);
+			if(err != nil)
+				g_error_free(err);
+			textclear();
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
-	for(a = 0; a < 256; a++){
-		blendtab[0][a] = blend(Colbg, Colfg, a);
-		blendtab[1][a] = blend(Colsel, Colfg, a);
+	pango_cairo_font_map_set_resolution(PANGO_CAIRO_FONT_MAP(fontmap), 96);
+	context = pango_font_map_create_context(fontmap);
+	if(context != nil)
+		layout = pango_layout_new(context);
+	if(context == nil || layout == nil){
+		fprint(2, "strans: popup: can't create text layout\n");
+		textclear();
+		return 0;
 	}
+	pango_layout_set_single_paragraph_mode(layout, TRUE);
+	setfont();
 	return 1;
 }

 static int
-drawglyph(Font *f, u32int *buf, int w, int h, int px, int py)
+settext(Str *s)
 {
-	FT_Bitmap *b;
-	FT_GlyphSlot g;
-	uchar *row;
-	vlong pitch, x0, x1, y0, y1;
-	int a, sel, x, xa, xb, y, ya, yb;
-	u32int *p;
+	char utf[Maxutf];
+	int n;

-	g = f->face->glyph;
-	b = &g->bitmap;
-	if(b->pixel_mode != FT_PIXEL_MODE_GRAY || b->num_grays != 256)
+	if(layout == nil || s == nil || s->n <= 0)
 		return 0;
-	if(b->width == 0 || b->rows == 0)
-		return 1;
-	pitch = b->pitch;
-	if(pitch < 0)
-		pitch = -pitch;
-	if(b->buffer == nil || pitch < b->width)
+	n = stoutf(s, utf, sizeof utf);
+	pango_layout_set_text(layout, utf, n);
+	return n > 0;
+}
+
+static void
+textextents(PangoRectangle *r)
+{
+	PangoRectangle ink, logical;
+	int x0, y0, x1, y1;
+
+	pango_layout_get_pixel_extents(layout, &ink, &logical);
+	x0 = min(ink.x, logical.x);
+	y0 = min(ink.y, logical.y);
+	x1 = max(ink.x + ink.width, logical.x + logical.width);
+	y1 = max(ink.y + ink.height, logical.y + logical.height);
+	r->x = x0;
+	r->y = y0;
+	r->width = max(x1 - x0, 0);
+	r->height = max(y1 - y0, 0);
+}
+
+int
+textwidth(Str *s)
+{
+	PangoRectangle r;
+
+	if(!settext(s))
 		return 0;
-	x0 = (vlong)px + g->bitmap_left;
-	y0 = (vlong)py + f->base - g->bitmap_top;
-	x1 = x0 + b->width;
-	y1 = y0 + b->rows;
-	if(x1 <= 0 || y1 <= 0 || x0 >= w || y0 >= h)
-		return 1;
-	xa = x0 < 0 ? 0 : x0;
-	xb = x1 > w ? w : x1;
-	ya = y0 < 0 ? 0 : y0;
-	yb = y1 > h ? h : y1;
-	for(y = ya; y < yb; y++){
-		if(b->pitch < 0)
-			row = b->buffer + ((vlong)b->rows - 1 - (y - y0)) * pitch;
-		else
-			row = b->buffer + ((vlong)y - y0) * pitch;
-		for(x = xa; x < xb; x++){
-			a = row[(vlong)x - x0];
-			if(a != 0){
-				p = &buf[y * w + x];
-				sel = *p == Colsel;
-				*p = blendtab[sel][a];
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
+	textextents(&r);
+	return r.width;
 }

 void
-putfont(u32int *buf, int w, int h, int px, int py, Rune r)
+textdraw(u32int *buf, int w, int h, int x, int y, Str *s)
 {
-	FT_UInt g;
-	int f;
+	PangoRectangle r;
+	cairo_surface_t *surface;
+	cairo_t *cr;
+	int stride;

-	if(buf == nil || w <= 0 || h <= 0)
+	if(buf == nil || w <= 0 || h <= 0 || !settext(s))
+		return;
+	stride = cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, w);
+	if(stride < 0 || (vlong)stride != (vlong)w * sizeof buf[0])
+		return;
+	surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data((uchar*)buf,
+		CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, w, h, stride);
+	if(cairo_surface_status(surface) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS){
+		cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
 		return;
-	for(f = 0; f < nfonts; f++){
-		g = FT_Get_Char_Index(fonts[f].face, r);
-		if(g == 0 || FT_Load_Glyph(fonts[f].face, g, FT_LOAD_DEFAULT) != 0 ||
-		   FT_Render_Glyph(fonts[f].face->glyph, FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL) != 0)
-			continue;
-		if(drawglyph(&fonts[f], buf, w, h, px, py))
-			return;
 	}
+	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surface);
+	cr = cairo_create(surface);
+	if(cairo_status(cr) == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS){
+		pango_cairo_update_layout(cr, layout);
+		textextents(&r);
+		/* A fallback face must not paint into another popup row. */
+		cairo_rectangle(cr, 0, y, w, Fontsz);
+		cairo_clip(cr);
+		cairo_move_to(cr, x - r.x, y + (Fontsz - r.height) / 2 - r.y);
+		cairo_set_source_rgb(cr, 0, 0, 0);
+		pango_cairo_show_layout(cr, layout);
+	}
+	cairo_destroy(cr);
+	cairo_surface_flush(surface);
+	cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
 }
--- a/popup_layout.c
+++ b/popup_layout.c
@@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
 #include "dat.h"
 #include "fn.h"

-int
-popupcells(Rune *r, int n)
-{
-	int i, w;
-
-	w = 0;
-	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		if(r[i] != 0xfe0e && r[i] != 0xfe0f)
-			w++;
-	return w;
-}
-
 void
 popupposition(Caret *caret, int pointerx, int pointery, int screenw,
 	int screenh, int w, int h, int *x, int *y)
--- a/run.sh
+++ b/run.sh
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ cd "$(dirname "$0")" || exit 1
 if test "$#" -eq 0; then
 	set --
 	for font in \
+		/usr/share/fonts/noto/NotoColorEmoji.ttf \
 		/usr/share/fonts/TTF/DejaVuSans.ttf \
 		/usr/share/fonts/TTF/Jigmo.ttf \
 		/usr/share/fonts/TTF/Jigmo2.ttf \
 		/usr/share/fonts/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc
 	do
+		test "$#" -ge 4 && break
 		test -f "$font" && set -- "$@" "$font"
 	done
 	if test "$#" -eq 0; then
--- a/tests/Makefile
+++ b/tests/Makefile
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ CC = 9c
 LD = 9l
 HOSTCC = cc
 CFLAGS = -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -O2 -g -I.. -I../cutest
-FT_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags freetype2)
-FT_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs freetype2)
+TEXT_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags 'pangocairo >= 1.56' 'cairo >= 1.18')
+TEXT_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs 'pangocairo >= 1.56' 'cairo >= 1.18')
 DBUS_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags dbus-1)
 DBUS_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs dbus-1)
 IBUS_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags dbus-1 xkbcommon)
 IBUS_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs dbus-1 xkbcommon)
-LIBS = -lthread -lbio $(FT_LIBS) $(IBUS_LIBS)
+LIBS = -lthread -lbio $(TEXT_LIBS) $(IBUS_LIBS)

 PROG = unit_test
 LIVE = ibus_live_test ipc_live_test daemon_collision_test daemon_failure_test \
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ engine_test.o: ../strans.c
 ibus_test.o: CFLAGS += $(IBUS_CFLAGS)
 ibus_test.o: ../ibus.c
 server_test.o: ../srv.c
-unit_font.o: CFLAGS += $(FT_CFLAGS)
+unit_font.o: CFLAGS += $(TEXT_CFLAGS)

 unit_%.o: ../%.c ../dat.h ../fn.h ../ipc.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
--- a/tests/font_test.c
+++ b/tests/font_test.c
@@ -3,14 +3,15 @@
 enum
 {
 	Guard = 8,
-	Testw = 3 * Fontsz,
+	Testw = 6 * Fontsz,
 	Testh = 3 * Fontsz,
 	Testn = Testw * Testh,
-	Missingn = Fontsz * Fontsz,
+	Rgbmask = 0xffffff,
 };

 static u32int guardcolor = 0x5a5a5a5a;
 static char *testfonts[] = {
+	"/usr/share/fonts/noto/NotoColorEmoji.ttf",
 	"/usr/share/fonts/TTF/DejaVuSans.ttf",
 	"/usr/share/fonts/TTF/Jigmo.ttf",
 	"/usr/share/fonts/TTF/Jigmo2.ttf",
@@ -29,38 +30,84 @@ fillpixels(u32int *p, int n, u32int color)
 }

 static int
-hasink(u32int *p, int n)
+hasink(u32int *p, int n, u32int bg)
 {
 	int i;

+	bg &= Rgbmask;
 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		if(p[i] != Colbg)
+		if((p[i] & Rgbmask) != bg)
 			return 1;
 	return 0;
 }

 static int
-renders(Rune r)
+hascolors(u32int *p, int n, u32int bg)
 {
-	u32int buf[Fontsz * Fontsz];
+	u32int c, first;
+	int b, found, g, i, r;

-	fillpixels(buf, nelem(buf), Colbg);
-	putfont(buf, Fontsz, Fontsz, 0, 0, r);
-	return hasink(buf, nelem(buf));
+	bg &= Rgbmask;
+	first = 0;
+	found = 0;
+	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
+		c = p[i] & Rgbmask;
+		if(c == bg)
+			continue;
+		r = c >> 16 & 0xff;
+		g = c >> 8 & 0xff;
+		b = c & 0xff;
+		if(r == g && g == b)
+			continue;
+		if(!found){
+			first = c;
+			found = 1;
+		}else if(c != first)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+checkguards(struct ct *t, u32int *mem)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i = 0; i < Guard; i++){
+		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, mem[i]);
+		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, mem[Guard + Testn + i]);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+checkoutside(struct ct *t, u32int *buf, u32int bg, int row)
+{
+	int x, y, y0, y1;
+
+	bg &= Rgbmask;
+	y0 = max(row, 0);
+	y1 = min(row + Fontsz, Testh);
+	for(y = 0; y < Testh; y++){
+		if(y >= y0 && y < y1)
+			continue;
+		for(x = 0; x < Testw; x++)
+			CT_EQ_UINT(t, bg, buf[y * Testw + x] & Rgbmask);
+	}
 }

 static int
-inkbounds(u32int *p, int *minx, int *miny, int *maxx, int *maxy)
+inkbounds(u32int *p, u32int bg, int *minx, int *miny, int *maxx, int *maxy)
 {
 	int x, y;

+	bg &= Rgbmask;
 	*minx = Testw;
 	*miny = Testh;
 	*maxx = -1;
 	*maxy = -1;
 	for(y = 0; y < Testh; y++){
 		for(x = 0; x < Testw; x++){
-			if(p[y * Testw + x] == Colbg)
+			if((p[y * Testw + x] & Rgbmask) == bg)
 				continue;
 			*minx = min(*minx, x);
 			*miny = min(*miny, y);
@@ -72,86 +119,124 @@ inkbounds(u32int *p, int *minx, int *miny, int *maxx, int *maxy)
 }

 static void
-checkclip(struct ct *t, u32int *ref, int dx, int dy)
+checktext(struct ct *t, u32int *buf, char *utf)
 {
-	u32int *buf, *mem, *want;
-	int i, sx, sy, x, y;
+	Str s;
+	int maxx, maxy, minx, miny, w;
+
+	s = mkstr(utf);
+	w = textwidth(&s);
+	CT_CHECK(t, w > 0);
+	CT_CHECK(t, w < Testw - Fontsz);
+	fillpixels(buf, Testn, Colbg);
+	textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, Fontsz, Fontsz, &s);
+	if(!CT_CHECK(t, inkbounds(buf, Colbg, &minx, &miny, &maxx, &maxy)))
+		return;
+	CT_CHECK(t, minx >= 0 && miny >= 0);
+	CT_CHECK(t, maxx < Testw && maxy < Testh);
+	CT_CHECK(t, maxx - minx + 1 <= w);
+}
+
+static void
+checkcolor(struct ct *t, u32int *buf, char *utf)
+{
+	Str s;
+	int w;
+
+	s = mkstr(utf);
+	w = textwidth(&s);
+	CT_CHECK(t, w > 0);
+	if(s.n > 1)
+		CT_CHECK(t, w < s.n * Fontsz);
+	fillpixels(buf, Testn, Colbg);
+	textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, Fontsz, Fontsz, &s);
+	CT_CHECK(t, hasink(buf, Testn, Colbg));
+	CT_CHECK(t, hascolors(buf, Testn, Colbg));
+}
+
+static void
+checkshape(struct ct *t, u32int *buf, char *utf)
+{
+	Str s;
+	int w;
+
+	s = mkstr(utf);
+	w = textwidth(&s);
+	CT_CHECK(t, w > 0);
+	CT_CHECK(t, w < s.n * Fontsz);
+	fillpixels(buf, Testn, Colbg);
+	textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, Fontsz, Fontsz, &s);
+	CT_CHECK(t, hasink(buf, Testn, Colbg));
+}
+
+static void
+checkclip(struct ct *t, u32int *mem, int x, int y, Str *s)
+{
+	u32int *buf;

-	mem = emalloc((Testn + 2 * Guard) * sizeof mem[0]);
-	want = emalloc(Testn * sizeof want[0]);
-	fillpixels(mem, Testn + 2 * Guard, guardcolor);
 	buf = mem + Guard;
 	fillpixels(buf, Testn, Colbg);
-	fillpixels(want, Testn, Colbg);
-	for(y = 0; y < Testh; y++){
-		for(x = 0; x < Testw; x++){
-			sx = x - dx;
-			sy = y - dy;
-			if(sx >= 0 && sx < Testw && sy >= 0 && sy < Testh)
-				want[y * Testw + x] = ref[sy * Testw + sx];
-		}
-	}
-	putfont(buf, Testw, Testh, Fontsz + dx, Fontsz + dy, 'A');
-	CT_CHECK(t, hasink(buf, Testn));
-	CT_EQ_MEM(t, want, buf, Testn * sizeof buf[0]);
-	for(i = 0; i < Guard; i++){
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, mem[i]);
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, mem[Guard + Testn + i]);
-	}
-	free(want);
-	free(mem);
+	textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, x, y, s);
+	CT_CHECK(t, hasink(buf, Testn, Colbg));
+	checkoutside(t, buf, Colbg, y);
+	checkguards(t, mem);
 }

 void
 font_render(struct ct *t)
 {
-	u32int *buf, *missing, *ref;
-	int i, minx, miny, maxx, maxy;
+	static char *plain[] = { "A", "가", "あ", "漢", "☆", "𠀋" };
+	u32int *buf, *mem;
+	Str a, heart, missing;
+	int i, w;

-	missing = emalloc((Missingn + 2 * Guard) * sizeof missing[0]);
-	fillpixels(missing, Missingn + 2 * Guard, guardcolor);
-	buf = missing + Guard;
-	fillpixels(buf, Missingn, Colbg);
-	CT_CHECK(t, !fontinit(missingfonts, nelem(missingfonts)));
-	putfont(buf, Fontsz, Fontsz, 0, 0, 'A');
-	for(i = 0; i < Missingn; i++)
+	mem = emalloc((Testn + 2 * Guard) * sizeof mem[0]);
+	fillpixels(mem, Testn + 2 * Guard, guardcolor);
+	buf = mem + Guard;
+	fillpixels(buf, Testn, Colbg);
+	a = mkstr("A");
+	CT_CHECK(t, !textinit(missingfonts, nelem(missingfonts)));
+	CT_EQ_INT(t, 0, textwidth(&a));
+	textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, 0, 0, &a);
+	for(i = 0; i < Testn; i++)
 		CT_EQ_UINT(t, Colbg, buf[i]);
-	for(i = 0; i < Guard; i++){
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, missing[i]);
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, missing[Guard + Missingn + i]);
-	}
+	checkguards(t, mem);

-	if(!CT_CHECK(t, fontinit(testfonts, nelem(testfonts)))){
-		free(missing);
+	if(!CT_CHECK(t, textinit(testfonts, nelem(testfonts)))){
+		free(mem);
 		return;
 	}
-	CT_CHECK(t, renders('A'));
-	CT_CHECK(t, renders(0xac00));
-	CT_CHECK(t, renders(0x4e00));
-	CT_CHECK(t, renders(0x1f600));
-	CT_CHECK(t, renders(0x2000b));
-	fillpixels(missing, Missingn + 2 * Guard, guardcolor);
-	buf = missing + Guard;
-	fillpixels(buf, Missingn, Colbg);
-	putfont(buf, Fontsz, Fontsz, 0, 0, 0x10ffff);
-	for(i = 0; i < Missingn; i++)
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, Colbg, buf[i]);
-	for(i = 0; i < Guard; i++){
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, missing[i]);
-		CT_EQ_UINT(t, guardcolor, missing[Guard + Missingn + i]);
-	}
-	free(missing);
+	for(i = 0; i < nelem(plain); i++)
+		checktext(t, buf, plain[i]);

-	ref = emalloc(Testn * sizeof ref[0]);
-	fillpixels(ref, Testn, Colbg);
-	putfont(ref, Testw, Testh, Fontsz, Fontsz, 'A');
-	if(!CT_CHECK(t, inkbounds(ref, &minx, &miny, &maxx, &maxy))){
-		free(ref);
-		return;
+	checkcolor(t, buf, "😀");
+	checkcolor(t, buf, "❤️");
+	checkcolor(t, buf, "☕️");
+	checkshape(t, buf, "👩‍💻");
+	checkshape(t, buf, "👍🏽");
+	checkshape(t, buf, "🇰🇷");
+	checkshape(t, buf, "☕︎");
+
+	heart = mkstr("❤️");
+	fillpixels(buf, Testn, Colsel);
+	textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, Fontsz, Fontsz, &heart);
+	CT_CHECK(t, hascolors(buf, Testn, Colsel));
+	CT_EQ_UINT(t, Colsel,
+		buf[(Fontsz + Fontsz/2) * Testw + Testw - 1] & Rgbmask);
+	checkoutside(t, buf, Colsel, Fontsz);
+	checkguards(t, mem);
+
+	w = textwidth(&a);
+	checkclip(t, mem, -w / 2, Fontsz, &a);
+	checkclip(t, mem, Testw - w / 2, Fontsz, &a);
+	checkclip(t, mem, Fontsz, -Fontsz / 2, &a);
+	checkclip(t, mem, Fontsz, Testh - Fontsz / 2, &a);
+
+	missing = mkstr("\xF4\x8F\xBF\xBF");
+	for(i = 0; i < 32; i++){
+		textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, Fontsz, Fontsz, &heart);
+		textdraw(buf, Testw, Testh, 0, 0, &missing);
 	}
-	checkclip(t, ref, -minx - 1, 0);
-	checkclip(t, ref, Testw - maxx, 0);
-	checkclip(t, ref, 0, -miny - 1);
-	checkclip(t, ref, 0, Testh - maxy);
-	free(ref);
+	checkguards(t, mem);
+	free(mem);
 }
--- a/tests/popup_test.c
+++ b/tests/popup_test.c
@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 void
 popup_layout(struct ct *t)
 {
-	Rune heart[] = { 0x2764, 0xfe0f };
 	Caret caret;
 	int x, y;

-	CT_EQ_INT(t, 1, popupcells(heart, nelem(heart)));
 	memset(&caret, 0, sizeof caret);
 	popupposition(&caret, 40, 50, 800, 600, 100, 60, &x, &y);
 	CT_EQ_INT(t, 50, x);
--- a/win.c
+++ b/win.c
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ wininit(void)
 	mask = XCB_CW_BACK_PIXMAP;
 	xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, win, mask, &pix);
 	img = emalloc(Imgw * Imgh * sizeof(img[0]));
-	if(!fontinit(fontfiles, nfontfiles)){
+	if(!textinit(fontfiles, nfontfiles)){
 		fprint(2, "strans: popup disabled: no usable fonts\n");
 		wincleanup();
 		return 0;
@@ -149,18 +149,6 @@ wininit(void)
 	return 1;
 }

-static void
-drawstr(u32int *buf, int x, int y, Rune *r, int n, int maxw, int maxh)
-{
-	while(n-- > 0){
-		if(*r != 0xfe0e && *r != 0xfe0f){
-			putfont(buf, maxw, maxh, x, y, *r);
-			x += Fontsz;
-		}
-		r++;
-	}
-}
-
 static void
 fill(u32int *buf, int n, u32int color)
 {
@@ -174,20 +162,22 @@ static void
 drawkouho(Drawcmd *dc, int n, int w, int h)
 {
 	int npre, sely, y, i;
-	Str *s;
+	Str num, *s;

 	fill(img, w * h, Colbg);
 	npre = dc->pre.n != 0;
 	if(npre)
-		drawstr(img, 0, 0, dc->pre.r, dc->pre.n, w, h);
+		textdraw(img, w, h, 0, 0, &dc->pre);
 	if(dc->sel >= 0 && dc->sel < n){
 		sely = (npre + dc->sel) * Fontsz;
 		fill(img + sely * w, Fontsz * w, Colsel);
 	}
 	for(i = 0, y = npre * Fontsz; i < n; i++, y += Fontsz){
 		s = &dc->kouho[i];
-		putfont(img, w, h, 0, y, '1' + i + Asciitofull);
-		drawstr(img, 2*Fontsz, y, s->r, s->n, w, h);
+		sclear(&num);
+		sputr(&num, '1' + i + Asciitofull);
+		textdraw(img, w, h, 0, y, &num);
+		textdraw(img, w, h, 2*Fontsz, y, s);
 	}
 }

@@ -210,6 +200,7 @@ winhide(void)
 static int
 winshow(Drawcmd *dc)
 {
+	vlong width;
 	int npre, px, py, w, h, i, n, maxw;
 	u32int vals[4];
 	xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *ptr;
@@ -220,11 +211,12 @@ winshow(Drawcmd *dc)
 	if(n == 0 && npre == 0){
 		return winhide();
 	}
-	maxw = popupcells(dc->pre.r, dc->pre.n);
+	maxw = textwidth(&dc->pre);
 	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		maxw = max(maxw, popupcells(dc->kouho[i].r, dc->kouho[i].n));
+		maxw = max(maxw, textwidth(&dc->kouho[i]));
 	vals[3] = h = (n + npre) * Fontsz;
-	vals[2] = w = (maxw + 3) * Fontsz;
+	width = (vlong)maxw + 3*Fontsz;
+	vals[2] = w = min(max(width, 1), Imgw);
 	px = py = 0;
 	if(!dc->caret.valid){
 		cookie = xcb_query_pointer(conn, scr->root);