got/main.go

// Command got is a Rob-Pike-style command-line download tool: a small
// multi-protocol downloader. It downloads HTTP(S) URLs over several connections
// and BitTorrent magnets/torrents, with a comprehensive set of command-line
// options. Each download runs as one goroutine; a scheduler bounds how many run
// at once; a single goroutine draws the progress line.
package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync/atomic"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent"
	"github.com/anacrolix/torrent/metainfo"
	"github.com/hanbok/got/bt"
	"github.com/hanbok/got/cli"
	"github.com/hanbok/got/download"
	"github.com/hanbok/got/httpdl"
	"github.com/hanbok/got/progress"
	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
)

func main() {
	os.Exit(run(os.Args[1:]))
}

func run(args []string) int {
	res, err := cli.Parse(args)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
		return 1
	}
	switch res.Action {
	case cli.ShowVersion:
		cli.PrintVersion(os.Stdout)
		return 0
	case cli.ShowHelp:
		cli.PrintHelp(os.Stdout, res.HelpTag)
		return 0
	}

	opts := res.Options

	// --checksum is validated up front so a bad type or digest aborts before any
	// download, rejecting it at option-parse time rather than failing mid-run
	// (and once, not once per HTTP download that shares the spec).
	if cs := opts.Str("checksum"); cs != "" {
		if err := httpdl.ValidChecksum(cs); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
			return 1
		}
	}

	targets := gatherURIs(opts, res.URIs)
	if len(targets) == 0 {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got: no URI, torrent or magnet given (try --help)")
		return 1
	}

	if opts.Bool("show-files") {
		return showFiles(allURIs(targets))
	}

	jobs, btClient, err := build(opts, targets)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
		return 1
	}
	if btClient != nil {
		defer btClient.Close()
	}

	// A single registered signal channel handles both presses: the first cancels
	// the graceful context, the second saves the session best-effort and forces
	// exit. Using one channel avoids a startup race where two separate handlers
	// could split the two presses and need a third to actually quit.
	sessionFile := opts.Str("save-session")
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()
	// --stop: cancel everything after N seconds, exactly like a Ctrl-C, so an
	// unattended run can't hang forever (0 = off).
	if stop := opts.Int("stop"); stop > 0 {
		t := time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(stop)*time.Second, cancel)
		defer t.Stop()
	}
	var jobsRef atomic.Pointer[[]job]
	// publish snapshots the slice header (j is a by-value copy) and stores a
	// pointer to it, so the signal handler can read the current jobs lock-free
	// without racing the `jobs = append(...)` reassignment in the follow pass.
	publish := func(j []job) { jobsRef.Store(&j) }
	go handleSignals(cancel, sessionFile, &jobsRef)

	eng := download.NewEngine(opts.Int("max-concurrent-downloads"))

	uiCtx, uiCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	uiDone := make(chan struct{})
	if !opts.Bool("quiet") && !opts.Bool("dry-run") {
		rep := progress.New(eng.Snapshot, opts.Bool("human-readable"))
		go func() {
			rep.Run(uiCtx)
			close(uiDone)
		}()
	} else {
		close(uiDone)
	}

	publish(jobs)
	results := runJobs(ctx, eng, jobs)

	// --follow-torrent: a .torrent fetched over HTTP becomes a BitTorrent
	// download of its content (on by default). Done as a second pass so the
	// engine and scheduler stay simple.
	if opts.Bool("follow-torrent") && ctx.Err() == nil && !opts.Bool("dry-run") {
		if follow := followUps(jobs, btClient, btOptions(opts)); len(follow) > 0 {
			// The engine numbers each Result by its position in the slice it was
			// passed, so the follow pass restarts at Index 0. Offset those by the
			// initial job count to give the concatenated slice one contiguous
			// Index space, so the sort below restores input order deterministically.
			nInitial := len(jobs)
			jobs = append(jobs, follow...)
			publish(jobs)
			followResults := runJobs(ctx, eng, follow)
			for i := range followResults {
				followResults[i].Index += nInitial
			}
			results = append(results, followResults...)
		}
	}

	uiCancel()
	<-uiDone // wait for the renderer's final frame before printing the OK/FAIL lines

	saveCookies(jobs)

	if sessionFile != "" {
		if err := saveSession(sessionFile, jobs); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
		}
	}
	// Restore input order so the OK/FAIL lines and the exit code are
	// deterministic regardless of which download finished first.
	sort.Slice(results, func(i, j int) bool { return results[i].Index < results[j].Index })
	if opts.Bool("dry-run") {
		return reportDryRun(results)
	}
	return report(results)
}

// job pairs a download with the source string that produced it, so we can write
// the still-unfinished ones back to a session file.
type job struct {
	source string
	dl     download.Download
}

// build turns each URI into a Download, classified by scheme, and creates the
// one shared BitTorrent client the run needs (nil if no torrents are involved).
// The overall speed limits are one shared limiter each, applied to both HTTP
// downloads and the BitTorrent client so the cap is truly global.
// errDuplicate marks a source that names the same torrent as an earlier one.
// exitCode maps it to the duplicate-infohash exit code (12) via errors.Is.
var errDuplicate = errors.New("duplicate download")

// failedDownload is a Download that does no work and fails immediately with a
// fixed error. build() uses it for a duplicate torrent source, so the duplicate
// is reported as a failed download without ever obtaining — or Dropping — a
// torrent on the shared client.
type failedDownload struct {
	name string
	err  error
}

func (f *failedDownload) Name() string              { return f.name }
func (f *failedDownload) Run(context.Context) error { return f.err }
func (f *failedDownload) Stat() download.Stat {
	return download.Stat{Name: f.name, Status: download.Errored, Total: -1}
}

// dedupeTorrents finds torrent/magnet sources that name the same torrent as an
// earlier source (same infohash), returning each duplicate URI mapped to the
// earlier source it repeats. HTTP(S) URLs and any source whose infohash can't be
// read without a network fetch are never duplicates here. The shared client keys
// torrents by infohash and does not refcount, so build() turns each duplicate
// into a failed download (duplicate infohash) rather than letting two jobs
// share — and Drop — one torrent.
func dedupeTorrents(uris []string, follow bool) map[string]string {
	seen := map[metainfo.Hash]string{}
	dup := map[string]string{}
	for _, u := range uris {
		k := uriKind(u, follow)
		if k != kindMagnet && k != kindTorrent {
			continue
		}
		h, ok := bt.SourceInfoHash(u, k == kindTorrent)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		if first, isDup := seen[h]; isDup {
			dup[u] = first
		} else {
			seen[h] = u
		}
	}
	return dup
}

// markInfoHash records the v1 infohash of the .torrent at path in seen and
// reports whether it repeats one already seen, returning the path first recorded
// under that infohash. Callers fail the duplicate rather than let two jobs share
// one torrent on the client (see bt.SourceInfoHash for why that aliasing is
// unsafe). A v2-only or unreadable infohash is never a duplicate — the dedup
// can't see it, so it runs.
func markInfoHash(seen map[metainfo.Hash]string, path string) (first string, dup bool) {
	h, ok := bt.SourceInfoHash(path, true)
	if !ok {
		return "", false
	}
	if first, dup = seen[h]; dup {
		return first, true
	}
	seen[h] = path
	return "", false
}

func build(opts *cli.Options, targets []target) ([]job, *torrent.Client, error) {
	flat := allURIs(targets)
	// Two sources naming the same torrent (a magnet and its own .torrent, say)
	// would share one torrent in the client, which does not refcount: the first to
	// finish would Drop it out from under the other. The duplicate is reported as
	// a failed download (duplicate infohash, exit 12); the loop below does this,
	// so the duplicate never obtains or Drops a shared torrent.
	dups := dedupeTorrents(flat, opts.Bool("follow-torrent"))

	overallDL := makeLimiter(opts.Size("max-overall-download-limit"))
	overallUL := makeLimiter(opts.Size("max-overall-upload-limit"))
	// --out names a single output file, so it only applies when exactly one HTTP
	// download (one mirror group) is queued; warn rather than silently misname.
	nhttp := countHTTP(targets)
	single := nhttp == 1
	if nhttp > 1 && opts.Str("out") != "" {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got: --out ignored: it applies only to a single HTTP download")
	}
	hc := httpConfig(opts, single, overallDL)
	bo := btOptions(opts)

	// One client serves every torrent, shared across the session. A failure to start
	// it (e.g. the listen port is taken) disables BitTorrent but still lets HTTP
	// downloads run; those torrents then report the error.
	var client *torrent.Client
	if needsBT(opts, flat) {
		c, err := bt.NewClient(btClientConfig(opts, overallDL, overallUL))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got: bittorrent disabled:", err)
		} else {
			client = c
		}
	}

	var out []job
	for _, t := range targets {
		u := t.uris[0] // primary: classifies the target and names the session source
		src := strings.Join(t.uris, "\t")
		if first, isDup := dups[u]; isDup {
			out = append(out, job{source: src, dl: &failedDownload{
				name: u,
				err:  fmt.Errorf("%w: same torrent as %s", errDuplicate, first),
			}})
			continue
		}
		var dl download.Download
		switch uriKind(u, opts.Bool("follow-torrent")) {
		case kindMagnet:
			dl = bt.New(client, u, false, bo)
		case kindHTTP, kindFollow:
			dl = httpdl.New(t.uris, hc) // every mirror URL for this one file
		case kindTorrent:
			dl = bt.New(client, u, true, bo)
		default:
			if client != nil {
				client.Close()
			}
			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported URI: %s", u)
		}
		out = append(out, job{source: src, dl: dl})
	}
	return out, client, nil
}

// uriKind classifies a URI by scheme into the taxonomy build() and needsBT()
// both switch on. Scheme wins over suffix: an http URL ending in .torrent is a
// file to fetch over HTTP, and with --follow-torrent it becomes a torrent only
// after the fetch (kindFollow), so it still downloads over HTTP first.
func uriKind(u string, follow bool) kind {
	lu := strings.ToLower(u)
	switch {
	case strings.HasPrefix(u, "magnet:"):
		return kindMagnet
	case strings.HasPrefix(u, "http://"), strings.HasPrefix(u, "https://"):
		if follow && strings.HasSuffix(lu, ".torrent") {
			return kindFollow
		}
		return kindHTTP
	case strings.HasSuffix(lu, ".torrent"):
		return kindTorrent
	}
	return kindUnsupported
}

type kind int

const (
	kindUnsupported kind = iota
	kindMagnet           // magnet: link, a BitTorrent download
	kindHTTP             // plain HTTP(S) download
	kindTorrent          // local .torrent file, a BitTorrent download
	kindFollow           // HTTP(S) .torrent fetched, then followed as BitTorrent
)

// needsBT reports whether the run will involve any torrent, so we only start a
// client when one is actually needed.
func needsBT(opts *cli.Options, uris []string) bool {
	follow := opts.Bool("follow-torrent")
	for _, u := range uris {
		switch uriKind(u, follow) {
		case kindMagnet, kindTorrent, kindFollow:
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// countHTTP counts HTTP download targets. A mirror group is one output file, so
// it counts groups, not URLs, for the --out single-file decision.
func countHTTP(targets []target) int {
	n := 0
	for _, t := range targets {
		u := t.uris[0]
		if strings.HasPrefix(u, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(u, "https://") {
			n++
		}
	}
	return n
}

// runJobs runs a set of jobs through the engine and returns their results.
func runJobs(ctx context.Context, eng *download.Engine, jobs []job) []download.Result {
	dls := make([]download.Download, len(jobs))
	for i := range jobs {
		dls[i] = jobs[i].dl
	}
	return eng.Run(ctx, dls)
}

// followUps turns each completed HTTP .torrent download into a BitTorrent
// download of its content. A file is followed only if it parses as a torrent,
// so a regular download that merely ends in ".torrent" is left alone.
func followUps(jobs []job, client *torrent.Client, bo bt.Options) []job {
	var out []job
	seen := map[metainfo.Hash]string{}
	for _, j := range jobs {
		h, ok := j.dl.(*httpdl.Download)
		if !ok || j.dl.Stat().Status != download.Complete {
			continue
		}
		// j.source is the TAB-joined mirror group; the primary (uris[0]) is what
		// build() classified and named the download on, so test its suffix.
		primary, _, _ := strings.Cut(j.source, "\t")
		if !strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(primary), ".torrent") {
			continue
		}
		path := h.Path()
		if _, err := bt.Files(path); err != nil {
			continue // downloaded file is not a valid torrent
		}
		// Two fetched .torrent files that name the same torrent would share one
		// torrent on the refcount-less client: the first to finish Drops it out
		// from under the other, stranding it at 0%. build() dedupes pass-1 sources
		// but cannot reach a not-yet-fetched HTTP .torrent, so dedupe here too.
		if first, dup := markInfoHash(seen, path); dup {
			out = append(out, job{source: path, dl: &failedDownload{
				name: path,
				err:  fmt.Errorf("%w: same torrent as %s", errDuplicate, first),
			}})
			continue
		}
		out = append(out, job{source: path, dl: bt.New(client, path, true, bo)})
	}
	return out
}

// saveCookies asks each HTTP download to write its cookie jar back to the
// --save-cookies file, persisting cookies at session end. A download with no
// --save-cookies configured is a no-op.
func saveCookies(jobs []job) {
	for _, j := range jobs {
		if h, ok := j.dl.(*httpdl.Download); ok {
			if err := h.SaveCookies(); err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
			}
		}
	}
}

// target is one download: a single torrent/magnet/URL, or several HTTP mirror
// URLs that serve identical bytes (uris[0] is the primary).
type target struct{ uris []string }

// allURIs flattens targets to a plain URL list for the per-URL helpers
// (dedupe, needsBT, show-files) that don't care about grouping.
func allURIs(ts []target) []string {
	var u []string
	for _, t := range ts {
		u = append(u, t.uris...)
	}
	return u
}

// gatherURIs collects download targets from the command line, --torrent-file,
// and --input-file. Plain command-line http/https URIs are grouped into ONE
// mirrored download by default (every command-line URI names the same file);
// -Z/--force-sequential makes each its own download. Torrents, magnets, and
// .torrent URLs (fetched over HTTP then followed) are always one target each,
// since distinct torrents are not mirrors of one another; --input-file groups
// TAB-separated URIs per line.
func gatherURIs(opts *cli.Options, cmdURIs []string) []target {
	var ts []target
	follow := opts.Bool("follow-torrent")
	seq := opts.Bool("force-sequential")
	var httpGroup []string
	for _, u := range cmdURIs {
		// Only plain HTTP URLs collapse into one mirror download (alternate sources
		// for the same file); -Z opts out. A .torrent URL (kindFollow), like a
		// torrent or magnet, is its own download — distinct torrents are never
		// mirrors of one another.
		if uriKind(u, follow) == kindHTTP && !seq {
			httpGroup = append(httpGroup, u)
		} else {
			ts = append(ts, target{uris: []string{u}})
		}
	}
	if len(httpGroup) > 0 {
		ts = append(ts, target{uris: httpGroup})
	}
	if tf := opts.Str("torrent-file"); tf != "" {
		ts = append(ts, target{uris: []string{tf}})
	}
	if in := opts.Str("input-file"); in != "" {
		ts = append(ts, readInputFile(in)...)
	}
	return ts
}

// readInputFile parses an input file: one download per line, and TAB-separated
// URIs on a line are mirrors of that one download. Blank lines and '#' comments
// are skipped.
func readInputFile(path string) []target {
	f := os.Stdin
	if path != "-" {
		var err error
		if f, err = os.Open(path); err != nil {
			// A missing input file is fine: it just means "nothing to resume
			// yet", which is what the load+save-session idiom needs on first run.
			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
			}
			return nil
		}
		defer f.Close()
	}
	var ts []target
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(f)
	// Magnet links with many trackers (and long signed URLs) can exceed the
	// 64KB default token size, so raise the cap.
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 4*1024*1024)
	for sc.Scan() {
		line := sc.Text()
		if t := strings.TrimSpace(line); t == "" || strings.HasPrefix(t, "#") {
			continue
		}
		var g []string
		for _, field := range strings.Split(line, "\t") {
			if field = strings.TrimSpace(field); field != "" {
				g = append(g, field)
			}
		}
		if len(g) > 0 {
			ts = append(ts, target{uris: g})
		}
	}
	if err := sc.Err(); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
	}
	return ts
}

func httpConfig(opts *cli.Options, single bool, overallDL *rate.Limiter) httpdl.Config {
	out := ""
	if single {
		out = opts.Str("out")
	}
	// max-connection-per-server caps connections per host. Its default is 1,
	// which on its own would clamp --split to a single connection, so a bare
	// `got URL` would download single-threaded. Honor the literal default of 1
	// only when the user actually set -x; otherwise let --split drive per-host
	// parallelism, capped at the -x ceiling of 16. -x explicitly set keeps the
	// exact min(split, mirrors*x) behavior.
	perHost := opts.Int("max-connection-per-server")
	if !opts.IsSet("max-connection-per-server") {
		perHost = min(opts.Int("split"), 16)
	}
	return httpdl.Config{
		Dir:              opts.Str("dir"),
		Out:              out,
		Split:            opts.Int("split"),
		MaxConnPerServer: perHost,
		MinSplit:         opts.Size("min-split-size"),
		Tries:            opts.Int("max-tries"),
		Timeout:          time.Duration(opts.Int("timeout")) * time.Second,
		FileAlloc:        opts.Str("file-allocation"),
		Continue:         opts.Bool("continue"),
		AllowOverwrite:   opts.Bool("allow-overwrite"),
		AutoRename:       opts.Bool("auto-file-renaming"),
		Headers:          opts.List("header"),
		UserAgent:        opts.Str("user-agent"),
		Referer:          opts.Str("referer"),
		Proxy:            opts.Str("all-proxy"),
		CheckCert:        opts.Bool("check-certificate"),
		Limit:            opts.Size("max-download-limit"),
		OverallLimiter:   overallDL,
		RetryWait:        time.Duration(opts.Int("retry-wait")) * time.Second,
		AutoSaveInterval: time.Duration(opts.Int("auto-save-interval")) * time.Second,
		ConnectTimeout:   time.Duration(opts.Int("connect-timeout")) * time.Second,
		LoadCookies:      opts.Str("load-cookies"),
		SaveCookies:      opts.Str("save-cookies"),
		ConditionalGet:   opts.Bool("conditional-get"),
		RemoteTime:       opts.Bool("remote-time"),
		HTTPUser:         opts.Str("http-user"),
		HTTPPasswd:       opts.Str("http-passwd"),
		LowestSpeedLimit: opts.Size("lowest-speed-limit"),
		Checksum:         opts.Str("checksum"),
		DryRun:           opts.Bool("dry-run"),
		CACert:           opts.Str("ca-certificate"),
		DisableIPv6:      opts.Bool("disable-ipv6"),
	}
}

// btClientConfig is the run-wide configuration for the one shared torrent client.
func btClientConfig(opts *cli.Options, overallDL, overallUL *rate.Limiter) bt.ClientConfig {
	return bt.ClientConfig{
		Dir:            opts.Str("dir"),
		ListenPortSpec: opts.Str("listen-port"),
		DHT:            opts.Bool("enable-dht"),
		MaxPeers:       opts.Int("bt-max-peers"),
		OverallDown:    overallDL,
		OverallUp:      overallUL,
		DownLimit:      opts.Size("max-download-limit"),
		UpLimit:        opts.Size("max-upload-limit"),
		UserAgent:      opts.Str("user-agent"),
		DisableIPv6:    opts.Bool("disable-ipv6"),
	}
}

// btOptions is the per-torrent configuration.
func btOptions(opts *cli.Options) bt.Options {
	return bt.Options{
		SeedTimeSet:    opts.IsSet("seed-time"),
		SeedTime:       time.Duration(opts.Float("seed-time") * float64(time.Minute)),
		SeedRatio:      opts.Float("seed-ratio"),
		StopTimeout:    time.Duration(opts.Int("bt-stop-timeout")) * time.Second,
		SelectFiles:    parseSelect(opts.Str("select-file")),
		CheckIntegrity: opts.Bool("check-integrity"),
		DryRun:         opts.Bool("dry-run"),
	}
}

// showFiles prints the file list of each torrent argument and returns an exit
// code. Magnets need their metadata fetched first, which we don't do here.
func showFiles(uris []string) int {
	printed := false
	for _, u := range uris {
		if !strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(u), ".torrent") {
			if strings.HasPrefix(u, "magnet:") {
				fmt.Printf("%s: --show-files needs a .torrent (magnet metadata is fetched at download time)\n", u)
			}
			continue
		}
		files, err := bt.Files(u)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
			return 1
		}
		fmt.Printf("%s:\n", u)
		for _, f := range files {
			fmt.Printf("  %d  %s  (%d bytes)\n", f.Index, f.Path, f.Length)
		}
		printed = true
	}
	if !printed {
		return 1
	}
	return 0
}

// reportDryRun prints what --dry-run learned about each source — that it is
// reachable and how big it is — none of it having been downloaded, and returns
// the exit code: 0 if every source was reachable, else the dominant error's
// code (so a 404 under --dry-run still exits 3, a refused host 6, etc.).
func reportDryRun(results []download.Result) int {
	var lastReal error
	for _, r := range results {
		switch {
		case r.Err == nil:
			if r.Stat.Total >= 0 {
				fmt.Printf("DRY   %s  (%d bytes)\n", r.Name, r.Stat.Total)
			} else {
				fmt.Printf("DRY   %s  (size unknown)\n", r.Name)
			}
		case errors.Is(r.Err, context.Canceled):
			fmt.Printf("STOP  %s\n", r.Name)
		default:
			fmt.Printf("FAIL  %s: %v\n", r.Name, r.Err)
			lastReal = r.Err
		}
	}
	if lastReal != nil {
		return exitCode(lastReal)
	}
	return 0
}

// report prints a one-line outcome per download and returns the process exit
// code, mapped to the documented exit-status table:
// 0 all OK, 7 cancelled with at least one completed, 1 cancelled with nothing
// completed, else the code of the dominant (last) real error, mapped to an
// exit code by exitCode.
func report(results []download.Result) int {
	completed, cancelled := 0, 0
	var lastReal error
	for _, r := range results {
		switch {
		case r.Err == nil:
			fmt.Printf("OK    %s\n", r.Name)
			completed++
		case errors.Is(r.Err, context.Canceled):
			fmt.Printf("STOP  %s (interrupted%s)\n", r.Name, progressNote(r.Stat))
			cancelled++
		default:
			fmt.Printf("FAIL  %s: %v\n", r.Name, r.Err)
			lastReal = r.Err
		}
	}

	// Exit code 7 is returned when the only failures were interruptions and at
	// least one download finished: unfinished downloads remained in the queue when
	// the process exited by pressing Ctrl-C. With no real error and nothing
	// complete, fall back to 1.
	if lastReal == nil {
		switch {
		case cancelled > 0 && completed > 0:
			return 7
		case cancelled > 0:
			return 1
		default:
			return 0
		}
	}
	return exitCode(lastReal)
}

// exitCode maps a real (non-cancellation) download error to the documented
// exit-status codes. The retry path wraps the underlying cause with %w, so we can inspect the
// chain: an existing output file (13) and a 404 (3) are classified by their
// httpdl sentinel type; name resolution (19), timeout (2), and a connection-level
// network problem (6) are classified by typed errors with a substring fallback
// for third-party net text; everything else is the generic unknown error (1).
// Telling 19 from 6 from 2 apart is the point — it says whether the user's own
// network, the remote host, or a stall is to blame.
func exitCode(err error) int {
	switch {
	case errors.Is(err, httpdl.ErrOutputExists):
		return 13
	case isNameResolution(err):
		return 19
	case isTimeout(err):
		return 2
	case isNetwork(err):
		return 6
	case errors.Is(err, httpdl.ErrNotFound):
		return 3
	case errors.Is(err, httpdl.ErrTooSlow):
		return 5
	case errors.Is(err, httpdl.ErrChecksum):
		return 32
	case errors.Is(err, errDuplicate):
		return 12
	}
	return 1
}

// isNameResolution reports whether err is (or wraps) a DNS lookup failure —
// "name resolution failed" (19), which usually points at the user's own
// network or resolver rather than a dead remote. The stdlib reports every such
// failure (no-such-host, server-misbehaving) as *net.DNSError.
func isNameResolution(err error) bool {
	var de *net.DNSError
	return errors.As(err, &de)
}

// isNetwork reports whether err is a connection-level failure — refused, reset,
// or an unreachable host/network — a "network problem" (6). A dial error from
// net/http wraps the syscall errno, so the typed check sees through it.
func isNetwork(err error) bool {
	return errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNREFUSED) || errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNRESET) ||
		errors.Is(err, syscall.ENETUNREACH) || errors.Is(err, syscall.EHOSTUNREACH)
}

// isTimeout reports whether err is (or wraps) a timeout: a deadline exceeded, a
// net.Error that timed out, or our own idle-read timeout (httpdl.ErrTimeout).
func isTimeout(err error) bool {
	if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, httpdl.ErrTimeout) {
		return true
	}
	var ne net.Error
	return errors.As(err, &ne) && ne.Timeout()
}

// saveSession writes the sources of every download that did not finish to path,
// one per line, so a later `got -i path` resumes them (HTTP via -c, BitTorrent
// via anacrolix's recheck of existing data). An all-done run leaves the file
// empty.
func saveSession(path string, jobs []job) error {
	lines := unfinishedSources(jobs)
	data := ""
	if len(lines) > 0 {
		data = strings.Join(lines, "\n") + "\n"
	}
	// Write to a temp file in the same directory, then rename over the target so
	// a crash or a force-quit mid-write can never leave a half-written (and thus
	// truncated) resume list. The rename is atomic within one filesystem.
	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".got-session-*")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmpName := tmp.Name()
	if _, err := tmp.WriteString(data); err != nil {
		tmp.Close()
		os.Remove(tmpName)
		return err
	}
	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
		os.Remove(tmpName)
		return err
	}
	if err := os.Rename(tmpName, path); err != nil {
		os.Remove(tmpName)
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// unfinishedSources returns the source string of each download not in the
// Complete state.
func unfinishedSources(jobs []job) []string {
	var out []string
	for _, j := range jobs {
		if j.dl.Stat().Status != download.Complete {
			out = append(out, j.source)
		}
	}
	return out
}

// progressNote describes how far an interrupted download got, so the user knows
// resuming is worthwhile.
func progressNote(s download.Stat) string {
	if s.Total > 0 && s.Completed > 0 {
		return fmt.Sprintf("; %d%% done", int(s.Completed*100/s.Total))
	}
	return ""
}

// handleSignals owns the one registered signal channel. The first Ctrl-C (or
// TERM) cancels the graceful context so run() can wind down and save normally;
// a second forces exit, but first writes the session best-effort so the resume
// list survives a force-quit.
func handleSignals(cancel context.CancelFunc, sessionFile string, jobs *atomic.Pointer[[]job]) {
	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
	signal.Notify(sig, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
	<-sig // first: cancel the graceful context
	cancel()
	<-sig // second: force exit
	if sessionFile != "" {
		var js []job // nil until the first publish; saveSession handles an empty list
		if p := jobs.Load(); p != nil {
			js = *p
		}
		if err := saveSession(sessionFile, js); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "got:", err)
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "\ngot: forced exit")
	os.Exit(130)
}

func makeLimiter(bps int64) *rate.Limiter {
	if bps <= 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return rate.NewLimiter(rate.Limit(bps), download.LimiterBurst(bps))
}

// maxSelectIndex bounds how far a --select-file range is expanded: a torrent has
// at most a few thousand files, so a degenerate spec like "1-9999999999" must not
// spin or balloon the map. Indexes past the real file count are ignored anyway.
const maxSelectIndex = 1 << 20

// parseSelect parses "1,3-5" into a set of 1-based file indexes.
func parseSelect(s string) map[int]bool {
	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
	if s == "" {
		return nil
	}
	out := map[int]bool{}
	for _, part := range strings.Split(s, ",") {
		lo, hi, ok := strings.Cut(part, "-")
		a, _ := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(lo))
		if !ok {
			if a > 0 {
				out[a] = true
			}
			continue
		}
		b, _ := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(hi))
		if a < 1 {
			a = 1
		}
		if b > maxSelectIndex {
			b = maxSelectIndex
		}
		for i := a; i <= b; i++ {
			out[i] = true
		}
	}
	return out
}